tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87430113780394514892012-02-16T19:59:54.273+02:00Our aim is to encourage maximum interactive communication with our readers.Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.comBlogger361100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-4970475091779538042010-05-10T22:08:00.000+03:002010-05-10T22:08:37.023+03:00<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-hZs97BBJI/AAAAAAAAA3s/FZUDrpKqusI/s1600/PICT0160.jpg"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-hZs97BBJI/AAAAAAAAA3s/FZUDrpKqusI/s400/PICT0160.jpg" /></a> </div><div style='clear:both; text-align:CENTER'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-497047509177953804?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-52441677192862714892010-05-09T20:31:00.000+03:002010-05-09T20:31:11.777+03:00<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bxXoa1G1I/AAAAAAAAA2w/MAQPfW5Th-I/s1600/PICT0192.jpg"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bxXoa1G1I/AAAAAAAAA2w/MAQPfW5Th-I/s400/PICT0192.jpg" /></a> </div><div style='clear:both; text-align:CENTER'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-5244167719286271489?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-13730894791574861452010-05-09T17:27:00.000+03:002010-05-09T17:27:38.627+03:00<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bGV_gXCgI/AAAAAAAAA14/ARDO7m4_kFs/s1600/Picture_martios10+014.jpg"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bGV_gXCgI/AAAAAAAAA14/ARDO7m4_kFs/s320/Picture_martios10+014.jpg" /></a> </div><div style='clear:both; text-align:CENTER'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-1373089479157486145?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-66142061984603296892010-05-09T17:26:00.000+03:002010-05-09T17:26:44.103+03:00<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bGISYZVAI/AAAAAAAAA1w/W9Qyrfrkd3M/s1600/Picture_martios10+013.jpg"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bGISYZVAI/AAAAAAAAA1w/W9Qyrfrkd3M/s320/Picture_martios10+013.jpg" /></a> </div><div style='clear:both; text-align:CENTER'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-6614206198460329689?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-86205109099997769612010-05-09T17:23:00.000+03:002010-05-09T17:23:58.320+03:00<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bFe4J3L2I/AAAAAAAAA1o/yI0ByqxaXL0/s1600/Picture_martios10+012+(2).jpg"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S-bFe4J3L2I/AAAAAAAAA1o/yI0ByqxaXL0/s320/Picture_martios10+012+(2).jpg" /></a> </div><div style='clear:both; text-align:CENTER'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-8620510909999776961?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-7411951457529708032010-02-24T16:29:00.037+02:002010-03-25T13:02:16.948+02:00<div style="color: blue;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2BZuN9dA7I/AAAAAAAAAdE/JRX_NZVJLD4/s1600-h/IMGP0853.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2BZuN9dA7I/AAAAAAAAAdE/JRX_NZVJLD4/s200/IMGP0853.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">My name is Aziza. <br /></span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">I was born on 25th June 2000.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I like drawing.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I love pizza!<br /></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span></b><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"\0022Times New Roman\0022"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div style="color: blue;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Πως λέμε ... (41-60)&nbsp;</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"\0022Times New \000D\000ARoman\0022"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">41.&nbsp; Η μύτη μου τρέχει ...</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">42.&nbsp; Η μέση μου πονάει ... δε μπορώ να σκύψω!!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">43.&nbsp; Χρειάζομαι ... σφραγίσματα!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">44.&nbsp; Διδάσκεις ... Μαθαίνω!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">45.&nbsp; Θα κάνω δίαιτα ... τρώω πολύ!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">46.&nbsp; Θέλω να βάψω ... τα μαλλιά μου!!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">47.&nbsp; Έχω τα ... νεύρα μου!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">48.&nbsp; Έχω να πάω ... πολύ καιρό!</span></b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">49.&nbsp; Γυμνά καλώδια ... θα πάθεις ηλεκτροπληξία!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">50.&nbsp; Να πάω ... ταξίδι?&nbsp;</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">51.&nbsp; Ξέχασα τα κλειδιά μου … κλείστηκα έξω!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">52. &nbsp;Περάσαμε ωραία!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">53. &nbsp;Τελείωσε … άλλαξα γνώμη!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">54.&nbsp; Τι παίζει το … </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Odeon</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="color: blue;">σήμερα;</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">55.</span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">&nbsp; </span><span style="color: blue;">Μεγάλωσα … με μεγάλωσαν!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">56.&nbsp;Βγάζω … πολλά λεφτά!!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">57. Δεν ανεβαίνω σε … αεροπλάνο!</span></b><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;">58.&nbsp; Κάνε μου μια χάρη … σε παρακαλώ!</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;">59.&nbsp; Τα σύκα σύκα και η … σκάφη σκάφη !</span></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;"> </span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">********** </span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><br /><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">41.&nbsp; Η μύτη μου τρέχει...</span></b></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Μια γρήγορη απάντηση:</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">My nose <span style="color: red;">runs</span></span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span><b>(Every time I've got a cold my nose runs)</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: blue;"></b><b style="color: blue;">My nose</b><span style="color: blue;"><b> is</b> </span><b style="color: red;">runny</b>. <b>I think I've got a cold.</b><br /><div style="color: blue;"><b>I've got a <span style="color: red;">runny</span> nose.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I've got <span style="color: red;">the sniffles</span>.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: black;">Δική μου ερώτηση: Πως λέμε </span>"Η μύτη μου είναι <span style="color: red;">βουλωμένη</span>;" <br /></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I've got a <span style="color: red;">blocked</span> nose.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>My nose is <span style="color: red;">blocked</span>.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I've got a <span style="color: red;">stuffy </span>nose.</b></div><b>Και σε καλή γλώσσα:</b> <span style="color: red;">(formal) </span><br /><b style="color: blue;">My nose is <span style="color: orange;"><span style="color: #741b47;">congested</span>.</span></b><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></span><b style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></b></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>42.&nbsp; Η μέση μου πονάει.... <span style="font-size: x-small;">δε μπορώ να σκύψω</span>!!</b></span></div><br />Αρκετοί από εμάς ανοίγουν το ελληνοαγγλικό λεξικό και βρίσκουν: <b style="color: red;">μέση</b>=<b style="color: blue;">waist</b><br />Μπορούμε όμως να πούμε; <span style="color: red;">My <b><span style="color: blue;">waist</span></b> hurts</span>. <b>Όχι, φυσικά!</b><br /><br />Τι μπορούμε να πούμε;<br /><b style="color: blue;">My back hurts.</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>ή</b></div><b style="color: blue;">I've got backache.</b><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></span></div><br /><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>43.&nbsp; Χρειάζομαι ... σφραγίσματα!</b></span></div><br />Ας αποφεύγουμε λέξεις όπως: <span style="color: red;">fix, repair, mend </span>κτλ.<br />Eπισκεπτόμαστε τον οδοντογιατρό&nbsp; επειδή:<br /><br /><b>we have:</b><br />&nbsp;<b><span style="color: blue;">a broken tooth&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">σπασμένο δόντι</span></span></b><br /><div style="color: blue;"><b>a cavity&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">κούφιο</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a chipped tooth &gt; <span style="color: red;">λείπει κομματάκι</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a rotten tooth&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">σάπιο</span></b></div><br /><br />Και στον οδοντογιατρό:<br /><b>we have:</b><br /><div style="color: blue;"><b>a tooth extracted&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">βγάζουμε δόντι</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a tooth out&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt;<span style="color: red;"> βγάζουμε δόντι</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a filling&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">κάνουμε σφράγισμα</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a cavity filled&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">κάνουμε σφράγισμα</span> </b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>our teeth cleaned &gt; <span style="color: red;">κάνουμε καθαρισμό δοντιών</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>a tooth capped&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">βάζουμε θήκη</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>braces fitted &gt; <span style="color: red;">βάζουμε 'σιδεράκια' </span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:480737889; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1530244782 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:4; mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: navy;">44.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span></b><b><span style="color: navy;">Διδάσκεις …. Μαθαίνω!</span></b></span></div><div style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p><b style="color: black;">Στην ελληνική, συχνά, λέμε:</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /><div></div><b>Μαθαίνω στα παιδιά να γράφουν την αλφάβητο.<o:p></o:p></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b>Άρχισα να μαθαίνω Ισπανικά.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><o:p></o:p></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><span style="color: black;"><b>Και στις δύο περιπτώσεις χρησιμοποιούμε &nbsp;το ίδιο ρήμα</b>:</span> <b><span style="color: red;">μαθαίνω</span></b><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b><span style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική, όμως, χρησιμοποιούμε δύο διαφορετικά ρήματα</span></b>: <b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">teach</span><span style="color: red;">, </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">learn</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #003366;"><o:p></o:p>I </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">teach </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #003366;">children how to write the alphabet letters.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #003366;">I started to </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">learn</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #003366;"> Spanish last month.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: #003366;"><span style="color: black;">Επομένως: </span></span></b><b><span style="color: #003366;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: #003366;">Μαθαίνω … </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">learn<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><b><span style="color: #003366;">Διδάσκω … </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">teach</span></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: x-large;"><o:p>**********</o:p></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><br /></span></b></span></div><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"> </span></b></span><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List" style="color: blue;"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>45. &nbsp;Θα κάνω δίαιτα … τρώω πολύ!!</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Τρώμε πολύ … παχαίνουμε … νιώθουμε άσχημα!!<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Και τι κάνουμε; </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Αρχίζουμε δίαιτα!</span> </b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">We go on a diet!</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Be on a diet</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">I don’t want to be on a diet all my life.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Δε θέλω να κάνω δίαιτα σ’όλη μου τη ζωή.<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Go on&nbsp; diet</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"> &nbsp;</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">I’m overweight. I need to go on a diet.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Είμαι υπέρβαρη. Χρειάζομαι να κάνω δίαιτα.<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"><b>Μερικά ακόμη παραδείγματα:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">I went on a diet last week.</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Άρχισα δίαιτα την περασμένη εβδομάδα.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="color: red;"><br /></div><div style="color: red;"><b><span lang="EN-US">I’ve put on a lot of weight.</span></b></div><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Έχω πάρει πολύ βάρος. (πάχυνα)</b><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: red;"><span lang="EN-US">I’m fat as a pig.<span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: blue;">Είμαι πολύ χοντρός (καθομιλουμένη)</b></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;">**********</span></span></span></span><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span></b></div><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"> </span></b><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">46.&nbsp; <span style="font-size: large;">Θέλω να βάψω τα … μαλλιά μου!</span></span></b> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal">( Όχι, εγώ, πάντως .. κι ας είναι λίγο … γκρίζα!)</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Λέμε στην ελληνική:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red;">Η Μαρία άρχισε να βάφει τα μαλλιά της σκούρα.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Mary started to dye her hair a darker colour.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Η λέξη κλειδί εδώ είναι: <span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">dye</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Ποτέ</b> δε χρησιμοποιούμε τη λέξη: <b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">paint</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Άλλο παράδειγμα:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Θα βάψω τα μαλλιά μου ξανθά την επόμενη εβδομάδα.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">I will dye my hair blond next week.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red;">ή<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Βάφω τα μαλλιά μου στο κομμωτήριο.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">I have my hair dyed</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;">&nbsp;at the hairdresser’s.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Μπορούμε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τη λέξη: </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">colour</span></b><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I would like to colour my hair.&nbsp;</span></b><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">(<span style="background-color: white;">εδώ αναφέρόμαστε σε οποιοδήποτε χρώμα!</span>)</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span></span><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span><br /></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;">**********</span></span></span><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span><br /></span></b></div><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">47.&nbsp; Έχω τα ... νεύρα μου!</span></span></span></b><br /><br /><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="color: black;">Φυσικά μην ψάχνετε στο λεξικό σας τη λέξη</span></span></span><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="color: black;">:</span> <span style="color: red;">nerves</span>...</span></span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"></span></span></b><span style="background-color: magenta; color: black;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">κι αν κάποτε είπατε:</span></span><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">&nbsp;</span></span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">I have my nerves...<span style="color: red;">ξεχάστε το!</span></span></span></b><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; color: black;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Λέμε στην αγγλική</span></span><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="color: black;">:</span> <span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="color: red;">I am <span style="color: blue;">angry with </span>Mary. She is always late for school.</span></span><br style="color: red;" /> </span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;">I am <span style="color: red;">angry with</span> the way you talk to me.</span></span></b><br /><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;">Υπάρχουν και άλλες, βέβαια, εκφράσεις όπως:&nbsp;</span></span></div><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">be upset</span> &gt; I was very <span style="color: red;">upset</span> when I heard Mary saying all those nasty things about me!</span></span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">go ballistic</span> &gt;</span></span></b><span class="EX"> <b>Mary <span class="KEY-REF" style="color: red;">went ballistic</span> when she walked into the living room and saw all that mess.</b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;"><span class="EX">Υπάρχει και μία φράση που πάντα μου άρεσε:</span></div><span class="EX"><b> </b></span><br /><span class="EX"><b><span style="color: red;">furious at </span>(πολύ θυμωμένος) &gt; Mum was <span style="color: red;">furious at</span> us when she heard what we had done!</b></span><br /><br /><span class="EX"></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;">**********</span></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">48.&nbsp; Έχω να πάω ...πολύ καιρό!</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>&nbsp;</b><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Αν δεν έχουμε πάει κάπου για πολύ καιρό λέμε:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Έχω να πάω στη γιαγιά μου δύο μήνες.</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Αν μεταφράσουμε το</span><b><span style="font-size: small;">: έχω να πάω..</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">θα γίνει</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">I have to go... </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">δηλαδή</span><b><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: red;">πρέπει</span> να πάω <span style="color: black;">(</span></span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">επειδή στην αγγλική</span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"> have to </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">σημαίνει</span><b><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: red;">'πρέπει'<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Άρα είναι λάθος. </span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="font-size: small;">Οι αγγλόφωνοι λένε κάτι άλλο (σε σχέση με τον Present Perfect):</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">I <span style="color: red;">haven't been to</span> my grandmother's <span style="color: red;">for</span> two months.</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Η ελληνική φραση</span><b><span style="font-size: small;">: <span style="color: red;">έχω να πάω</span> ... </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">είναι η αγγλική</span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;">: I haven't been ...</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Με άλλα λόγια, να θυμάστε:</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Έχω να πάω σινεμά τρεις εβδομάδες</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">γίνεται</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">I haven't been to the cinema for three weeks.</span></b></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Μερικά ακόμη παραδείγματα:</span></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;">Δεν έχω δουλέψει επτά μήνες. </b>&gt; <b style="color: blue;">I haven't worked for seven months.</b></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red;">Δεν έχουμε πάει στο εξοχικό πέντε εβδομάδες. </span></b>&gt; <b style="color: blue;">We haven't been to our country home for five weeks.</b></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red;">Ο πατέρας μου έχει να καπνίσει δύο χρόνια.</span></b> (ευτυχώς!) &gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">My father hasn't smoked for two years.</span></b></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">**********</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">49.&nbsp; Γυμνά καλώδια … θα πάθεις ηλεκτροπληξία!!</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><o:p>ή&nbsp;</o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p>θα σε ... τινάξει το ρεύμα!</o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><br /></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;">Ίσως θα θέλαμε, προειδοποιητικά, να φωνάξουμε σε κάποιον: </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Μην αγγίζεις (πχ. ένα γυμνό καλώδιο ) .. <span style="color: red;">θα πάθεις ηλεκτροπληξία</span>!!</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική λέμε</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: black;">:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Don’t touch that (uncovered electric) wire. You <span style="color: red;">will </span><span style="color: red;">electrocute yourself</span>!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: red;">ή</b><b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Don’t touch that (naked) wire. You <span style="color: red;">will be electrocuted</span>!</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="font-size: large;">50.&nbsp; <b><span style="color: blue;">Να πάω … ταξίδι;</span></b></span><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Συχνά λέμε: </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Θα ήθελα να πάω ένα ταξιδάκι … να ξεκουραστώ!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red;">ή<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Την επόμενη εβδομάδα θα πάμε ταξίδι στα νησιά. </span><span style="color: black;">(</span></b><span style="color: black;">ωραία ακούγεται<b>!)</b></span><b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Στην αγγλική θα λέγαμε<span lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I’d like </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">to go on a trip</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> … to get some rest!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red;">ή</span><span style="color: red;"> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Next week </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">we’re going on a trip</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> to the Greek islands! <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Επομένως: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Η φράση </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">on</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">trip</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">παραμένει σταθερή σε οποιαδήποτε διάσταση χρόνου αναφερόμαστε.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Πχ. Πέρυσι πήγαμε ένα ταξίδι στη Λευκάδα. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Εδώ θα αλλάξουμε το ρήμα </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">go</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">μόνο. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Έτσι έχουμε:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Last year we went on a trip to Lefcada.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">ή<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Are</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">you</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">going</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">island</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">hopping</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">*</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in the summer? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">*</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">Island</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">hopping</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">: πηγαίνω ταξίδι από νησί σε νησί</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;"></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;"></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;"><o:p><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></o:p></span><b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">51.&nbsp; Ξέχασα τα κλειδιά μου … κλείστηκα έξω!!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Στην ελληνική λέμε συχνά (δυστυχώς!):<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Έφυγα και ξέχασα μέσα τα … κλειδιά μου.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Όμως, αρκετοί από εμάς λένε:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Έφυγα και άφησα μέσα τα … κλειδιά μου.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red;">Άφησα – ξέχασα</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span></b><span style="color: black;">είναι δύο λέξεις που χρησιμοποιούν και οι αγγλόφωνοι αλλά με σαφή έμφαση στο </span><b><span style="color: red;">άφησα</span><span style="color: blue;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Δηλαδή:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue;">Ξέχασα τα κλειδιά μου στο σπίτι.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Γίνεται<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">left</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">my</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">keys</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">at home.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></o:p></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">52. &nbsp;Περάσαμε ωραία!!</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Στην ελληνική η φράση ‘<b><span style="color: red;">περάσαμε ωραία’</span></b> λέγεται πάντα μετά από κάποιες όμορφες κι ευτυχισμένες στιγμές που ζήσαμε με δικούς μας ανθρώπους.</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Στην αγγλική λέμε <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">‘</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">have a nice time’</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span>ή <span lang="EN-US">‘</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">enjoy myself’</span></b><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Παραδείγματα:</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Στο πάρτυ χτες, περάσαμε ωραία.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">We </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">had a nice time</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> at the party last night.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: black;">ή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">We </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">enjoyed ourselves</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> at the party last night.&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">**********</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">53. &nbsp;Τελείωσε … άλλαξα γνώμη!!</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Όταν αναθεωρούμε κάτι που έχουμε ήδη αποφασίσει να γίνει ή να κάνουμε, στην ελληνική (συνήθως) λέμε:</span> <b><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red;">άλλαξα γνώμη</span></b> ..</div><div class="MsoNormal">Στην αγγλική πολλοί από εμάς λένε:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I was going to go to the party but I </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">changed my <strike>opinion</strike></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> because …….<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Αυτό είναι λάθος<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Η σωστή φράση είναι</span><b><span style="color: blue;">: </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">change</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">my</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">mind</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Επομένως</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I was going to go to the party but I </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">changed my mind</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> because ……. </span><span style="color: blue;">Σωστό!</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Παράδειγμα</span>:&nbsp;</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">My brother didn't agree but, in the end, he <span style="color: red;">changed his mind</span>!</span></b> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1465656743; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-2031559152 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:54; mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">54.&nbsp; <span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">Τι παίζει το … </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Odeon</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">σήμερα;</span><o:p></o:p></span></b> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Μία απλή ερώτηση για να μάθουμε ποιο κινηματογραφικό έργο </span>‘<b><span style="color: red;">παίζει</span></b>’ ‘<b><span style="color: red;">δείχνει</span></b>’ ‘<b><span style="color: red;">προβάλλει</span></b>’ <span style="color: black;">ο κινηματογράφος της περιοχής μας (αν έχει απομείνει κάποιος!).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Αποφεύγετε λέξεις όπως:</span> <span lang="EN-US">play</span>, <span lang="EN-US">show</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="color: black;">κτλ</span>.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική λέμε</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: black;">:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">What’s on</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> the Odeon today? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">ή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">Is there</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> a good film </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">on</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> the Odeon tonight?</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;">Επομένως:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">What's on</span> the cinemas this week?</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Τι παίζεται στους κινηματογράφους αυτή την εβδομάδα;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1581407262; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1922854534 1310515090 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:55; mso-level-tab-stop:43.5pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:43.5pt; text-indent:-25.5pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">55.<span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">Μεγάλωσα</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">… </span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">με μεγάλωσαν!!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Όπως ήδη γνωρίζετε στην ελληνική λέμε:<b>&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Μεγάλωσα δίπλα στη θάλασσα.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Μεγάλωσα με όλα τα καλά του κόσμου.<o:p></o:p></b><br /><br />Όμως, επίσης, λέμε:<b>&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Με μεγάλωσαν να σέβομαι τους γείτονες.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Με μεγάλωσαν με άριστες αρχές.</b><br /><br />Και κάτι ακόμα:<b>&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Μεγάλωσα τα παιδιά μου μακριά από μεγάλες πόλεις.<o:p></o:p></b><br />Στην αγγλική υπάρχει διαφορά<span lang="EN-GB">:</span><br />Έχουμε τα ρήματα:<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">grow</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">up</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">(αμετάβατο ρήμα, δε χρησιμοποιείται με παθητική έννοια)</span></b><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color: black;">και <o:p></o:p></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">bring</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">up</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">(μεταβατικό ρήμα, &nbsp;συνήθως με παθητική έννοια)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I was </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">brought up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in the countryside.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">I was </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;">brought up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"> by strict parents. <o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">I was </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;">brought up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"> by loving parents.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I was </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">brought up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">London</st1:city></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">grew up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Piraeus</st1:place></st1:city>.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">He</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">grew up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> to be a very successful football player.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">He </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">grew up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in poverty.<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">He </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">grew up</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> in a very rich/strict/loving environment.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">&nbsp;</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">Σημείωση: Θα επανέλθω κάποια άλλη στιγμή.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 26pt;">**********</span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">56.&nbsp;<span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;">Βγάζω … πολλά λεφτά!!<o:p></o:p></span></b>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;">Αποκτώ χρήματα, &nbsp;με αντάλλαγμα σχεδόν πάντα, καθημερινή προσωπική εργασία. Υπάρχει μία απλή έκφραση στην αγγλική που αποδίδει αυτό:<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-size: 16pt;">earn my living <o:p></o:p></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">He earns his living by selling second hand cars. <o:p></o:p></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><span style="color: black;">Όμως υπάρχει κι άλλη μία έκφραση που υποδηλώνει ότι </span><b><span style="color: blue;">αποκτώ, ‘βγάζω’ χρήματα με γρήγορο, εύκολο τρόπο (ίσως):</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 16pt;">make money</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">Peter is </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">making</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> a lot of </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">money</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> at his job.</span><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><b><span style="color: red;"></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><span style="color: black;">Άρα:<o:p></o:p></span><b><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red;">Βγάζω λεφτά=</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">make</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">money</span><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><b><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red;">‘Κερδίζω τα προς το ζειν΄=</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">earn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">my</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">living</span></b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">57.&nbsp; </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">Δεν ανεβαίνω σε … αεροπλάνο!</span></b>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Πολλοί άνθρωποι νοιώθουν κάποιο φόβο στη σκέψη ότι πρέπει να ταξιδεύσουν με αεροπλάνο δηλαδή διακατέχονται από το λεγόμενο <b>φόβο της πτήσης</b>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><o:p></o:p>Στην απλή καθημερινή ελληνική γλώσσα θα λέγαμε ότι φοβούνται να ανέβουν σε αεροπλάνο. <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span>&nbsp;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Στην αγγλική η φράση ‘<b><span style="color: red;">ανεβαίνω σε αεροπλάνο</span>’</b> είναι:<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Go on a plane<o:p></o:p></span></b>&nbsp;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Άρα, ‘<b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">δεν ανεβαίνω σε αεροπλάνο</span>’</span></b> γίνεται:<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">I don’t </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">go on</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> a plane (<span style="font-size: x-small;">because I don’t like flying</span>).<o:p></o:p></span></b>&nbsp;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Φυσικά θα μπορούσαμε να πούμε:<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">I’m frightened of flying</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(because I like to have my feet on the ground</span>).</span></b><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">&nbsp;**********&nbsp;</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">58.&nbsp; Κάνε μου μια χάρη … σε παρακαλώ!</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Do me a favour, shut the door, please.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Κάνε μου μια χάρη, κλείσε τη πόρτα σε παρακαλώ.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Θέλω να τονίσω εδώ ότι η φράση <b><span lang="EN-US">do</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US">me</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US">favour</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span>έχει δύο έννοιες στην αγγλική.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">1^η. Δείχνει <b>παράκληση</b> σε κάποιον να κάνει κάτι για μας.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">Do me a favour</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">, please, post this letter for me!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black;">Κάνε μου </span><span style="color: red;">μια</span><span style="color: black;"> χάρη σε παρακαλώ, ταχυδρόμησε αυτό το γράμμα!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">2^η. Δείχνει <b>ενόχληση</b> με κάποιον ή κάτι.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">Do me a favour</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">, get out of here and shut the door!</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black;">Κάνε μου </span><span style="color: red;">τη</span><span style="color: black;"> χάρη και βγες έξω! (να προσέξετε το: </span><span style="color: red;">τη</span><span style="color: black;">)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt;">59.&nbsp; Τα σύκα σύκα και η … σκάφη σκάφη !<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Αυτή είναι μια φράση, πολύ γνωστή, που τη χρησιμοποιούμε όταν θέλουμε να πούμε ότι κάποιος εκφράζεται με παρρησία (θάρρος), δηλαδή δε διστάζει να πει, να υποστηρίξει κάτι χωρίς περιστροφές.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Στην αγγλική υπάρχει μία αντίστοιχη (παρεξηγημένη) παροιμιακή φράση:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">to call a spade a spade</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Παράδειγμα:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">Mary never </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">beats around the bush</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> – she </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">calls a spade a spade</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black;">Η Μαίρη πάντα λέει αυτό που νομίζει ότι είναι σωστό και αληθινό – χωρίς να κρύβει τίποτε!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Χρησιμοποίησα τη φράση <b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">beats</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">around</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">bush</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span>γιατί την έχω ακούσει στις γειτονιές της Αγγλίας και με είχε εντυπωσιάσει για τη δυναμική της όταν συνοδεύεται από το δεύτερο μέρος της πρότασης, <b><span style="color: red;">το </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">call</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">spade</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">spade</span></b>.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Για περισσότερη, εξαιρετική ανάλυση να κάνετε ένα click&nbsp; στο ιστολόγιο του Νίκου Σαραντάκου εδώ:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2009/12/07/sukaskaphe/">http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2009/12/07/sukaskaphe/</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {pag </style> </div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></div><span style="color: blue; font-size: 26pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-741195145752970803?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-66108025909018900472010-01-22T14:41:00.006+02:002010-01-24T17:31:22.695+02:00Ο<b style="color: blue;"> Mike</b> είναι ένας από τους πιο<b> <span style="color: blue;">συνεπείς</span></b> μαθητές μου. Διαθέτει σπουδαίο τρόπο σκέψης. Έχει δικό του blog και <b><span style="color: red;">χρειάζεται ενθάρυνση</span></b>. Ένα <b>click</b> και είστε <a href="http://comeandseefree.blogspot.com/">εκεί</a>!<br /><br />Και, <b><span style="color: purple;">DO NOT FORGET</span>!!!</b>, ένα ακόμη <b style="color: red;">CLICK</b>&nbsp; στο <b>πασίγνωστο&nbsp;<a href="http://periglwssio.blogspot.com/" style="color: blue;">periglwssio.blogspot.com/</a> </b><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-6610802590901890047?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-73977479605770362092010-01-22T13:41:00.007+02:002010-01-26T10:22:16.080+02:00<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: fuchsia none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: red; font-size: 18pt;">_________________________________</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">How to write an email</span></b> <br /><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: fuchsia none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">_________________________________________________</span><br /><br />Το&nbsp;email,&nbsp;σήμερα, είναι η πιο συνηθισμένη μορφή <b>online</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;επικοινωνίας. Εκατομμύρια email ταξιδεύουν από ηλεκ. υπολογιστή σε ηλεκ. υπολογιστή.&nbsp;΄Ομως πόσα από αυτά διαβάζονται; Πάρα πολλά από αυτά χαρακτηρίζονται ως <b>spam</b>&nbsp;και καταλήγουν στο <b>trash box</b>.<br />Επομένως, είναι σημαντικό να γνωρίζουμε πως να γράφουμε&nbsp;ελκυστικά email ώστε να μην απορρίπτονται από τον παραλήπτη και τελικά να πηγαίνουν στον ηλεκτρονικό κάδο σκουπιδιών!<br />Πως θα τραβήξουμε την προσοχή του παραλήπτη (<b>recipient</b>) ώστε να διαβάσει το μήνυμά μας και να το διατηρήσει μακριά από το trash box;<br /><br />Η <b>περιέργεια </b>και η <b>προσοχή</b> είναι δύο στοιχεία που πρέπει να υπάρχουν όταν ο παραλήπτης λάβει το μήνυμά μας. Θα πρέπει να υπάρχει <b>κάτι</b> στο email μας για να γεννήσει την περιέργεια και την προσοχή του παραλήπτη. Για να γίνει αυτό θα ακολουθήσουμε μερικά απλά βήματα:<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">Συνηθισμένα καθημερινά φιλικά e-mail:</span></b><br />1.&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"> </span><br />Αν έχουμε πρόθεση να καλέσουμε μία φίλη μας για ένα <b>καφέ&nbsp;και&nbsp;κουβεντούλα</b>, τότε θα μπορούσαμε να γράψουμε στην κεντρική πρότασή μας: <br /><b><span style="color: black;">Hello Mary,</span></b><br /><b>I'm feeling bored, fancy a coffee and a&nbsp;chat?</b><br /><b><span lang="EN-GB">Name...</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">ή</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><br /><b>Hello Mary,</b><br /><b>Long time no see, fancy a coffee and a chat?</b><br /></span><b>Name...</b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">ή</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: black;">για λίγη βοήθεια πριν από ένα διαγώνισμα</span></b><br /><b>Hi Mary,</b><br /><b>Help! </b><b><span lang="EN-GB">The test next week is really worrying me. Can we get together for a&nbsp;crash study session? </span>It would really help me out.</b><br /><b>Name...</b><br /><br />Όλες οι παραπάνω προτάσεις/προσκλήσεις είναι υπερ-απλουστευμένες για να δείξουν τι μπορούμε να πούμε με λίγα λόγια&nbsp;σε μια&nbsp;καθημερινή ηλεκτρονική φιλική επαφή.<br /><br />Ένα ακόμη παράδειγμα αναλυτικής προσέγγισης: <br />1. Να ξεκινήσετε με το σύνηθες:&nbsp;<b>Hello, Hi, How are you? or Hey (name).</b><br /><br />2. Αμέσως μετά πείτε κάτι για το γεγονός ότι δεν έχετε βρεθεί μαζί για αρκετό διάστημα και ρωτήστε τι κάνουν <br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br /><b><span lang="EN-GB">How's your family?</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span><span style="color: red;">ο</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;">r </span><span lang="EN-GB"><br /><b>What's new in school or work?</b><br /><br /></span>3.Δώστε μια περιγραφή των πραγμάτων που κάνατε τελευταία. Επίσης, δείξτε και κάποια φωτογραφία<br />των καθημερινών δραστηριοτήτων σας.<br /></div>4. Κάνετε μερικά σχόλια ( <b>θετικά !</b> ) για κοινούς φίλους σας.<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br />5. Προτείνετε μια συνάντηση για μια κουβεντούλα.<br /><br />6.Κλείσετε το e-mail με μία σχετική φράση όπως:<br /><b>See you soon</b> <br /><span style="color: red;">or</span> <br /><b>Love from</b> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1mQB4XF1fI/AAAAAAAAAYU/9o3qC4hFNMQ/s1600-h/IMGP0801.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1mQB4XF1fI/AAAAAAAAAYU/9o3qC4hFNMQ/s200/IMGP0801.JPG" width="200" /></a><br /></div><b>I am Chris.</b><br /><b>I was born on 24th November 1998.</b><br /><b>I like mousaka and Spiderman!</b><br /><b>I also like playing football !<br /></b><br /><b><br /></b><br /><br /><br />&nbsp;<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">Τώρα&nbsp;μερικές σημειώσεις για πιο σοβαρά e-mail:</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span><br /><br />Να έχετε μια κεντρική ιδέα. Να γράψετε μια πρόταση η οποία θα συμπυκνώνει το νόημα του μηνύματος. Εάν η πρόταση αυτή έχει κάτι να πει στον αναγνώστη / παραλήπτη τότε θα διαβαστεί. Αν όχι, τότε θα πάρει τον δρόμο για το trash box. <br /><br />1. Αυτό μπορεί να γίνει αν γνωρίζουμε γιατί γράφουμε το e-mail.<br />πχ.<br /><br />2. Πως θα ήθελα να αντιδράσει ο παραλήπτης του e-mail. <br /><br /><br />1. Να δώσουμε σωστό πληροφορακό υλικό. <br /><br /><br />2. Να ζητήσουμε με ευγενικό αλλά σίγουρο τρόπο ηλεκτρονικές πληροφορίες ή υλικό μέσω ταχυδρομείου. <br /><br />3. Να συναντήσουμε κάποιους σε κάποια σε κάποια κοινωνική εκδήκωση. <br />&nbsp; <br />Συνοψίζοντας εδώ επαναλαμβάνω ότι ο αναγνώστης πρέπει να αντιληφτεί γρήγορα τον λόγο αποστολής του e-mail που έχει τα χέρια του για να μπορέσει να απαντήσει με άνεση και αυτοπεποίθηση. <br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-7397747960577036209?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-52604026504211265042010-01-21T16:29:00.005+02:002010-01-21T17:33:23.499+02:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hkqs92R3I/AAAAAAAAAVU/P704wek7TBo/s1600-h/IMGP0776.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hkqs92R3I/AAAAAAAAAVU/P704wek7TBo/s200/IMGP0776.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hkAA6xCxI/AAAAAAAAAVM/Sj1x091sdEs/s1600-h/IMGP0771.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hkAA6xCxI/AAAAAAAAAVM/Sj1x091sdEs/s200/IMGP0771.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hxEec5j9I/AAAAAAAAAWE/VE4YfV9iKSg/s1600-h/IMGP0778.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1hxEec5j9I/AAAAAAAAAWE/VE4YfV9iKSg/s200/IMGP0778.JPG" /></a><br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-5260402650421126504?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-80147199621229628242010-01-14T16:24:00.052+02:002010-03-07T18:45:09.806+02:00<div style="color: blue; font-family: Times,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Πως λέμε ... <span style="font-size: x-small;">(21-40)</span></span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span> <br /></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>21.&nbsp; Χρόνια Πολλά ! (πάντα με ... υγεία)</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>22.&nbsp; Wrong...Mistake...Fault...</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>23.&nbsp; Κόπηκα ( και ... πονώ!!)</b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>24.&nbsp; Καλός καιρός ... ; What's the weather like?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>25</b>.&nbsp; <b><span lang="EN-US">Job / Work... εργασία και χαρά!&nbsp;</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>26.&nbsp; Φως ... περισσότερο φως!!</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>28.&nbsp;&nbsp; Τον πήγαμε μια ... βόλτα!!&nbsp;</b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>29.&nbsp; Shall I ..... ?&nbsp; Να ....... ;</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>30.&nbsp; Μικρό το λάθος αλλά .....</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>31.&nbsp; Τηλεόραση ... τι θα δούμε;</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>32.&nbsp; Υγρασία στην Ελλάδα .... όχι τόσο συχνά!</b></span></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="color: blue;">33.&nbsp; Άρρωστος; Περαστικά !!!</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1239483619; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-679866954 -1695908094 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:34; mso-level-tab-stop:24.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:24.0pt; text-indent:-22.5pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">34.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Μερικές φορές .. κάποια φορά .. λίγη ώρα </b>…</span></span><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>35.&nbsp; Μου τελείωσε ....... ο καφές!!</b></span><br /><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;">36.&nbsp; Go for swim /&nbsp; go for shopping ή .... ;</span></b><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>37.&nbsp; Βαρέθηκα ... ή βαρετός;</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>38.&nbsp; Εμπρός ... ποιος είναι... τι θέλετε ...? !!!</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>39.&nbsp; Knock ... knock .... Who is it?</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="color: blue;">40.&nbsp; Αποκλείεται να με είδες εκεί .... ήμουν αλλού!!!</b></span></div><div style="color: blue;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"></span></span></b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1sSF50IP0I/AAAAAAAAAZE/bvhDHrP_JfE/s1600-h/IMGP0804.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1sSF50IP0I/AAAAAAAAAZE/bvhDHrP_JfE/s200/IMGP0804.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span></div></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;This is James, our computer wizard!&nbsp; </span></i><br /></b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>21.Χρόνια Πολλά ! (πάντα με ... υγεία)</b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Α</span><b style="color: black;">ρκετές φορές, σχεδόν, κάθε μήνα ευχόμαστε κάτι στους συγγενείς, φίλους και γνωστούς. Πως τα μεταφέρουμε όλα αυτά στους αγγλόφωνους ή αλλόγλωσσους φίλους μας (που μιλούν, φυσικά, αγγλικά) ;</b><br /><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>a.&nbsp; Χρόνια Πολλά για την ονομαστική σου εορτή!</b></div><b style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">Many Happy Returns of the Day!! </span><br /></b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>ή</b></div><b>Happy Name Day!!</b><br /><br /><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">b.&nbsp; Καλά Γεννέθλια!</span></b><br /><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;">Happy Birthday!! </span></b><br /><div style="color: red;">ή</div><b>Many Happy Returns of the Day</b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>c</b>.</span> <b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">Για επετείους</span></b><br /><b>Happy Anniversary!!</b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">d</span>.</b>&nbsp; <b style="color: red;">Για γάμους</b><br /><b>Wishing you Health, Wealth and Happiness!!</b><br /><div style="color: red;">ή</div><b>Congratulations on your marriage!!</b><br /><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>e. Για αρραβώνες</b></div><b>Congratulations on your engagement!!</b><br /><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>f.&nbsp; Για γεννήσεις παιδιών</b></div><b>Congratulations on the birth of your son / daughter!!&nbsp; </b><br /><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>g.&nbsp; Όταν συνταξιοδοτείται κάποιος</b></div><b>Best Wishes for a Happy retirement!!</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></div><b style="color: red;">h. Και, δυστυχώς, όταν κάποιος πεθαίνει!</b><br /><b>My sincere</b><b> condolences on your loss!</b><br /><br /><div style="color: red;">ή</div><b>Sorry for your loss!!</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>22.&nbsp; Wrong...Mistake...Fault...</b></span><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Μ</b></span>ερικές φορές βλέπω ή ακούω αυτές τις φράσεις:</div><br /><b>I did a wrong</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>ή</b></div><b>I have done a wrong.</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>ή&nbsp;</b></div><b>I did a mistake.</b><br /><b><br /></b><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>Αν θέλουμε να πούμε:</b></div><b>Έκανα λάθος.</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>Λέμε:</b></div><b>Sorry, I made a mistake.</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>ή</b></div><b>Sorry, I did something wrong.<br /></b><br /><div style="color: red;">ή</div><b>Sorry, it is my fault</b>.(Λάθος μου)<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">23.&nbsp; Κόπηκα ( και ... πονώ!!)</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Π</span>ριν από λιγο κόπηκα (με το μαχαίρι της κουζίνας)! Πως θα πω στην αγγλική..κόπηκα; Αν έκοβα το δάκτυλό μου θα έλεγα:&nbsp;</b></div><b>I cut my finger.</b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>Όμως 'κόπηκα' είναι διαφορετικό. Περιέχει παθητική έννοια 'κάνω κάτι στον εαυτό μου' και έχει ως εξής:</b></div><b>I cut myself!</b><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>Και, φυσικά:</b></div><b>I was cut.</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">24.&nbsp; Καλός καιρός ... ; What's the weather like?</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">W</span>hat's the weather like in Athens today?</b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Πως είναι ο καιρός στην Αθήνα σήμερα;</b></span></div><br />It's sunny&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">έχει λιακάδα</span><br /><br /><b>It's cloudy&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">έχει συννεφιά</span><br /><br /><b>It's rainy&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">είναι βροχερός</span><br /><br /><b>It's windy&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">έχει αέρα</span><br /><br /><b>It's hot</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt; <span style="color: red;">κάνει ζέστη</span><br /><br /><b>It's cold&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt;<span style="color: red;"> κάνει κρύο</span><br /><br /><b>It's snowy</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &gt;<span style="color: red;"> χιονίζει</span><br /><br />Όπως βλέπετε το <i><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">it's </span></b></i><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">στην ελληνική αποδίδεται με το: <span style="color: red;">έχει, κάνει</span> κτλ</span></span></span><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></b> Με άλλα λόγια όταν στην ελληνική λέμε: <b style="color: red;">Κάνει κρύο</b> στην αγγλική αποδίδεται: <b><span style="color: red;">It's cold</span></b>. <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">25.&nbsp; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Job / Work ... εργασία και χαρά! </span></span></b><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Κ</span></b>άνουμε μία εργασία <span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US">(job</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US"> ή <b><span style="font-size: large;">work</span></b> ;) </span>για να κερδίσουμε χρήματα ( και μερικές φορές <b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">status</span></span>:</b> πολιτικό, κοινωνικό κύρος, αλλά αυτό είναι άσχετο με το θέμα μας).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Πολλοί, λανθασμένα, λένε:</span> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">I have a work.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Πρέπει να λέμε</span><span lang="EN-GB">: </span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">work as</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> a mechanic in a car repair shop.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red;">ή</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">am</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> a car mechanic.</span><span lang="EN-GB"></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Δεν πρέπει να λέμε</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: black;">:</span></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">job is </span></b><span lang="EN-US">a car mechanic.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;">Είναι λάθος.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Όμως μπορούμε να λέμε</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: black;">:</span></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Tom </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">has a job as</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> a car mechanic.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;">Μία άλλη φράση που συνηθίζεται, είναι:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Peter<span style="color: red;"> </span></span><b style="color: red;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">works for</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: red;"> </span>a large multinational company.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Jane’s husband </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: red;">works for</span> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">the local dairy farm </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: red;">as</span> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">an accountant.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">26.&nbsp; Φως ... περισσότερο φως!!</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ε</span></b>ίναι σύνηθες να ακούμε κάποιον να λέει:</div>Close the lights.</div><br /><span style="color: black;">Φυσικά δεν είναι σωστό. Με το</span> <b style="color: red;">close</b> <span style="color: black;">κλείνουμε πόρτες, παράθυρα, κουτιά, τα μάτια μας αλλά <span style="color: red;">όχι </span>φώτα.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">Για να κλείσουμε τα φώτα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το</span> <span style="color: red;">tun off / switch off.</span><br /><div style="color: black;">Δηλαδή λέμε:</div>Please <b style="color: red;">turn</b> / <b><span style="color: red;">switch</span></b> the lights<span style="color: red;"> </span><b style="color: red;">off</b> before you go to bed.<br /><div style="color: black;">Με την ίδια λογική λέμε:</div>Please <b><span style="color: red;">turn</span> / <span style="color: red;">switch </span></b>the lights <b style="color: red;">on</b> when you enter the room.<br /><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><b style="color: red;">Turn on</b> the living room lights, please.</span></span></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></span></span></div><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">27.&nbsp; Στον χασάπη...μανάβη...μπακάλη<span style="font-size: small;">(αυτός ...εξαφανίστηκε απ'την Ελλάδα!)</span></span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Λ</span></b>έμε ( ή λέγαμε!!) στην ελληνική:</div>Πήγαινε <b><span style="color: red;">στο μπακάλη</span></b> και πάρε μου μισό κιλό φέτα.<br /><div style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική λένε:</div>Go to the <b style="color: red;">grocer's </b>and get me half a kilo of&nbsp; 'φέτα' cheese, please.<br />Γιατί <b style="color: red;">grocer's</b> (δηλαδή <b><span style="color: red;">grocer</span></b> με <b><span style="color: red;">απόστροφο</span></b> και <b><span style="color: red;">s<span style="color: blue;">)</span></span></b> ;<br />Επειδή οι αγγλόφωνοι χρησιμοποιούν την <b style="color: red;">γενική κτητική</b> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(the hair of the cat / the cat's hair, the mother of John/ John's mother)</span>, για να αναφέρονται σε μαγαζιά, εστιατόρια κτλ. με το όνομα ή την ιδιότητα του ιδιοκτήτη.<br /><div style="color: black;">Παραδείγματα:</div><span style="color: red;">the dentist's (στον οδοντίατρο)</span> &gt; I went to the <b>dentist's</b> and I had three fillings (σφραγίσματα). <br /><span style="color: red;">the optician's (στον οπτικό) </span>&gt; I must go to the <b>optician's</b> because I think I need glasses/spectacles.<br /><span style="color: red;">the chemist's (στο φαρμακείο)</span> &gt; You buy medication at the <b>chemist's.</b><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">28.&nbsp;&nbsp; Τον πήγαμε μια ... βόλτα!!&nbsp;</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ό</span></b>σοι είμαστε οι υπερήφανοι ιδιοκτήτες ενός σκύλου, είναι σίγουρο ότι καθημερινά πηγαίνουμε έξω μαζί του για να εξασκήσει τα πόδια του ..... και εμείς τα δικά μας!</div><br /><div style="color: black;">Τί λέμε, λοιπόν, στην ελληνική;</div>Θα τον/την πάμε για&nbsp; βόλτα/περίπατο.<br /><div style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική είναι (όπως συχνά ακούω):</div>We will go him for walk(;)<br /><div style="color: black;">Όχι φυσικά!</div><span style="color: black;">Λέμε:</span> We will <b><span style="color: red;">take</span></b> him/her for a walk.<br /><br /><span style="color: black;">Επομένως, το δικό μας </span><b style="color: red;">πηγαίν</b><span style="color: red;"><b>ω το σκύλο περίπατο</b>, <b style="color: black;">είναι το αγγλικό:</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>take the dog for a walk</b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Παράδειγμα:</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Mary is taking the dog for a walk in the park.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <br /></b></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <br /></b></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">29.&nbsp; Shall I ..... ?&nbsp; Να ....... ;</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ό</span></b>πως, πιθανόν, μερικοί γνωρίζετε το</span> <b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">shall</span> </span></b><span style="color: black;">σημαίνει </span><b><span style="color: red;">'<span style="font-size: large;">θα</span>' </span></b><span style="color: black;">και είναι ένας τύπος που δεν χρησιμοποιείται πάρα πολύ τα τελευταία χρόνια.</span><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Παρ'όλα αυτά έχει πολύτιμες χαρακτηριστικές χρήσεις στην αγγλική γλώσσα και μία απ'αυτές είναι:</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Shall I</span> pay the taxi driver?&nbsp;</span><br /><b><span style="color: black;">Να πληρώσω τον οδηγό του ταξί;</span></b><br /><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Περισσότερa παραδείγματα:</div><b><br /></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Να διαβάσω ... ?&nbsp;</span></b> <b>Shall I read ... ?</b><br /><b style="color: red;">Να ανοίξω τα φώτα;</b> <b>Shall I turn the lights on?</b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Να σε βοηθήσω;</span></b> <b>Shall I help you?</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2Bd2mU6bCI/AAAAAAAAAdc/PeD6O65xHUg/s1600-h/IMGP0857.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2Bd2mU6bCI/AAAAAAAAAdc/PeD6O65xHUg/s200/IMGP0857.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b> <span style="font-size: small;">I'm Georgia.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I was born on 8th July 2001.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I like drawing.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My favourite singer is Lady Gaga.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">I love pastitsio!</span><br /></b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>30.&nbsp; Μικρό το λάθος αλλά .....</b></span><br /><br /><div style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Π</span></b>ολλές φορές μου λένε οι μαθητές μου ότι έπαιξαν, ή έπαιζαν ή θα παίξουν ... <b>καλαθόσφαιρα</b>! Για να είμαι ειλικρινής εγώ γράφω τη λέξη καλαθόσφαιρα, αυτοί λένε <b>basket</b>.</div><div style="color: black;"><b>Πιο απλά:</b></div><br />Θα παίξουμε <b style="color: red;">basket</b> το Σάββατο πρωί.<br />Χτες παίξαμε <b><span style="color: red;">basket</span></b> και νικήσαμε!<br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Οι αγγλόφωνοι όμως λένε κάτι ελαφρώς διαφορετικό:</div><br />We are playing <b style="color: red;">basketball</b> Saturday morning.<br />Yesterday, we played<b style="color: red;"> basketball</b> and we won! <br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Επομένως, παίζω <b>basket</b> ή <b>volley </b>στην αγγλική είναι:</div><br />I play basketball.<br />I play volleyball.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">31.&nbsp; Τηλεόραση ... τι θα δούμε;</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Έ</span><b>χει τίποτε η τηλεόραση σήμερα;</b> </div><div style="color: black;">Μερικοί θα χρησιμοποιούσαν το ρήμα <span style="color: red;">'have'</span>. Αλλά πως;</div><div style="color: black;">Μια γρήγορη '<span style="color: red;">καλή ελληνική</span>' μετάφραση θα είταν:</div><div style="color: black;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>Has television anything tonight</b>?</div><div style="color: red;"><b>Λάθος!</b></div><div style="color: black;"><b>Οι αγγλόφωνοι θα έλεγαν:</b></div><div style="color: red;"><br /></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: red;">What's on</span> </b>television tonight?</div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: red;">Is there anything</span></b> good <b style="color: red;">on</b> television tonight?</div><div style="color: blue;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>32.&nbsp; Υγρασία στην Ελλάδα .... όχι τόσο συχνά!</b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><span style="color: black;">Διαβάσαμε για το <b>'κάνει κρύο, ζέστη κτλ</b>' στο<b style="color: red;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Λάθη / Errors 21-40</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> (24).</span></span><br />Τι <span style="color: black;">θα λέγαμε για την <b style="color: red;">υγρασία</b>;&nbsp;</span><br /><div style="color: black;">Μερικές φορές λέμε:</div><b>Έχει πολλή υγρασία. Τα κόκκαλά μου πονούν!</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>It's very damp. My bones hurt! <br /></b></div><div style="color: red;"><br /></div><b><span style="color: red;">It's very humid!&nbsp; </span></b><span style="color: black;"><b>Έχει υγρασία!</b> (συνδέεται με το καλοκαίρι)</span><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>ή</b></div><b style="color: red;">It's very damp!</b> <span style="color: black;"><b>Έχει υγρασία!</b> (συνδέεται με τον χειμώνα)</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">33.&nbsp; Άρρωστος; Περαστικά !!!</span></b><br /><br /><b>I can't go to work today. I am <span style="color: red;">sick</span>.&nbsp;</b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Δε μπορώ να πάω στη δουλειά σήμερα. Είμαι άρρωστος.</span></b><br /><b></b><br /><b>I've got the flu. I feel really ill.</b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Έχω γρίπη. Αισθάνομαι πραγματικά άρρωστος.</span><br /></b><br /><b></b><br /><b>I've eaten too much chocolate and now I feel <span style="color: red;">sick</span>.</b><br /><div style="color: red;"><b>Έφαγα πολλή σοκολάτα. Έχω τάση προς έμετο.</b></div><br />Σ'αυτούς τους άρρωστους ανθρώπους πως λέμε <b style="color: red;">'Περαστικά</b>';<br /><br /><b>Get well soon!&nbsp;</b><br /><b>I hope you feel better soon!</b><br /><b>I wish you a speedy recovery!</b><br /><br /><b style="color: black;">Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε όποιο θέλετε.</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><b><br /></b><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1239483619; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-679866954 -1695908094 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:34; mso-level-tab-stop:24.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:24.0pt; text-indent:-22.5pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">34.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">Μερικές φορές .. κάποια φορά .. λίγη ώρα …</span></span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Είμαι βέβαιος ότι αρκετοί από εσάς έχουν μικρο-προβλήματα με τις λέξεις:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sometimes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sometime<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">Some time<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">Mrs. Thomas </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: red;">sometimes</span> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial;"><b>goes to church.&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">Η κ. Thomas </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: red;"><b style="color: black;">μερικές φορές</b> πηγαίνει στην εκκλησία.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial;">You should visit the local Art Museum <span style="color: red;">sometime</span>. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: red;"><b style="color: black;">Κάποια στιγμή</b> πρέπει να επισκεφτείς το τοπικό Μουσείο Τέχνης</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial;">We all needed <span style="color: red;">some time</span> to get used to our new house.</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">Χρειαστήκαμε <b style="color: black;">λίγο (κάποιο) χρόνο</b> να συνηθίσουμε το νέο σπίτι μας.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 1.5pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 1.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">**********</span></span></b></span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">35.&nbsp; Μου τελείωσε ....... ο καφές!!</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: black;">Μη χρησιμοποιείτε λέξεις όπως</span> <b style="color: red;">finish</b> <span style="color: black;">κτλ. Όταν έχουμε εξαντλήσει τα αποθέματα <b>καφέ, ζάχαρης</b> και ό,τι άλλο μπορείτε να φανταστείτε, τότε λέμε</span>:<br /><br /><b>I need to buy some coffee. I've <span style="color: red;">run out</span>.</b><br /><b>Mary is desperate. She has <span style="color: red;">run out of</span> money.&nbsp;</b><br /><b>Soon we have to get some petrol (</b><span style="color: black;">βενζίνη</span><b>). We are <span style="color: red;">running out</span>.&nbsp;</b><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>Επομένως:</b></div><b>Δεν έχω άλλο... <span style="color: red;">I have run out of ...</span></b><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">36.&nbsp; Go for swim / go for shopping ή ....&nbsp; ;</span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Πάρα πολλοί έλληνες χρήστες της αγγλικής λένε:&nbsp;</div><b>Every day I go for swim</b>.<br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Και άλλοι λένε:</div><b>In the morning I go for shopping.</b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Και τα δύο, φυσικά, είναι λάθος!</div><br /><div style="color: black;"><b>Πρέπει να πούμε:</b></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>Every day I go swimming.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>In the morning I go shopping.</b><br /><br /><span style="color: black;">Βέβαια εδώ πρέπει να αναφέρω κι άλλες τέτοιες εκφράσεις όπως:</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>go skiing</b> </span>&gt;&nbsp; There hasn't been enough snow on the mountains to go skiing.<br /><b><span style="color: red;">go clubbing</span></b> &gt; My friends and aren't working tomorrow so we're going clubbing.<br /><b style="color: red;">go fishing</b> &gt; My father has bought a new fishing rod so he's going fishing.<br /><b style="color: red;">go hiking</b> &gt; Going hiking is a very healthy pastime.<br /><b style="color: red;">go running</b> &gt; I often go running because keeps your heart healthy.<br /><b style="color: red;">go brisk walking</b> &gt; You go brisk walking along the beach.<br /><b style="color: red;">go jogging</b> &gt; I go jogging twice a week.<br /><b style="color: red;">go deep sea diving</b> &gt; When I am on holiday I like to go deep sea diving.<br /><b style="color: red;">go scuba diving</b> &gt; You can see many kinds of sea life when yo go scuba diving.<br /><b style="color: red;">go ballooning</b> &gt; You can see for miles around when you go ballooning.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;</span> </b></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">&nbsp;**********</span></div><div style="color: black;"><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>37.&nbsp; Βαρέθηκα ... ή βαρετός;</b></span></div><br />Αρκετοί ομιλητές της αγγλικής (ακόμα και σε κάποιο αρκετά καλό επίπεδο) δυσκολεύονται να πουν<br />ότι <b style="color: red;">βαρέθηκαν</b> να κάνουν κάτι ή ότι κάτι είναι <b><span style="color: red;">βαρετό</span></b>.<br /><br />Λένε, λοιπόν:<br /><br />Βαρέθηκα να λύνω ασκήσεις: <b><span style="color: red;">I am boring to do exercises.</span></b> <b><span style="color: blue;">Λάθος</span></b>!<br /><div style="color: red;">ή</div>Το διάβασμα βιβλίων είναι βαρετό: <b style="color: blue;">Reading books is bored</b>. <b><span style="color: red;">Λάθος</span></b>!<br /><br />Τι λέμε;<br /><br /><b style="color: red;">Βαρέθηκα</b>: <span style="color: blue;">I am bored. </span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Βαρετό:</span> <span style="color: red;">boring</span></b><br /><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Επομένως:<br /><br />Βαρέθηκα να λύνω ασκήσεις<b>: <span style="color: blue;">I</span> <span style="color: red;">am bored with</span> <span style="color: blue;">doing exercises.</span></b><br />Το διάβασμα βιβλίων είναι βαρετό: <b><span style="color: red;">Reading books is <span style="color: blue;">boring</span>.</span></b></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">38.&nbsp; Εμπρός ... ποιος είναι... τι θέλετε ...? !!!</span></b></div><br /><div style="color: black;">Ίσως ο τίτλος να σας φαίνεται λίγο παράξενος αλλά είναι πραγματικός!</div><div style="color: black;">Όταν το τηλέφωνο ηχεί και ανταποκρινόμαστε ... τι λέμε; Σχεδόν όλα όσα εχω αναφέρει από πάνω.</div><div style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική τι λέμε;</div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Παράδειγμα:&nbsp;</div><div style="color: black;">Όταν απαντούμε σε μία κλήση λέμε:</div><div style="color: black;">- <b style="color: blue;">Hello</b></div><div style="color: red;">ή</div><div style="color: black;">- (Λέμε τον αριθμό του τηλεφώνου)</div><div style="color: blue;">123456789</div><div style="color: blue;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Αν ο καλών μας γνωρίζει τότε πιθανόν θα πει:</div><div style="color: black;">-<b><span style="color: blue;">Hello Nick </span></b>(για παράδειγμα)</div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Αν ο καλών θέλει κάποιον άλλον τότε πιθανόν θα πει:</div><div style="color: black;">-<b><span style="color: blue;"> Hello. Can I speak to Nick please</span></b>?</div><div style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">ή</span></div>-<b>Hello. Is Nick there please</b>?<br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Αν ο Nick δεν είναι εκεί τότε λέμε:</div><br /><b>-No, he isn't here at the moment. Can I take a message?</b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Αν ο Nick είναι εκεί τότε λέμε:</div><b>-Yes, I'll go and get him. Who shall I say is calling?</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><b><span style="font-size: large;">39.&nbsp; Knock ... knock .... Who is it?</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Όταν κάποιος χτυπά το κουδούνι της πόρτας μας, λέμε:</div><b>-Ποιος είναι;</b><br /><div style="color: black;">Και το πρόσωπο στην πόρτα (αν γνωριζόμαστε) λέει:</div>-<b>Εγώ είμαι</b>!<span style="color: black;"> (εμείς οι έλληνες το συνηθίζουμε αυτό</span>)<br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Στην αγγλική λέμε:</div><b>-Who is it?</b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Και το πρόσωπο στην πόρτα λέει:</div><b>-It's Nick!</b><br /><br /><span style="color: black;">Οι αγγλόφωνοι δε λένε:</span><span style="color: red;"> </span><b style="color: red;">It's me! </b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Αναφέρουν τ'όνομά τους!</span></span></span><b style="color: red;"><br /></b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">********** </span></div><b><span style="font-size: large;">40.&nbsp; Αποκλείεται να με είδες εκεί .... ήμουν αλλού!!!</span></b><br /><br /><div style="color: black;">Είναι από εκείνες τις περιπτώσεις που χρειαζόμαστε&nbsp; τη γραμματική. Εδώ είμαστε σίγουροι, απόλυτα, </div><div style="color: black;">για κάτι που δεν έγινε (ή έγινε) στο παρελθόν. Χρειαζόμαστε το <b>modal CAN</b> (στον αρνητικό τύπο) και, φυσικά, το <b>HAVE</b> (για να δείξουμε στο παρελθόν).&nbsp;</div><span style="color: black;">Επομένως έχουμε</span>: <br /><div style="color: red;"><b>can't have</b></div><div style="color: black;">Ολοκληρη η πρόταση είναι:</div><div style="color: red;"><b>You can't have seen me there....I was somewhere else.</b></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><div style="color: black;">Περισσότερα παραδείγματα:</div><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>Αποκλείεται να πήγε εκεί</b>.</span> &gt; <b>He can't/couldn't have gone there.</b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Αποκλείεται να το αγόρασε</span></b>. &gt; <b>He can't/couldn't have bought it.</b><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>Αποκλείεται να παντρεύτηκε</b>.</span> &gt; <b>He can't/couldn't have got married.</b><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-8014719962122962824?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-31440858653658305602009-11-21T15:43:00.247+02:002010-03-07T18:46:45.079+02:00<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr align="center"><td><a href="http://www.branica.com/" target="_blank"><script language="javascript"> var data, p; var agt=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();p='http'; if((location.href.substr(0,6)=='https:')||(location.href.substr(0,6)=='HTTPS:')) {p='https';} data = '&r=' + escape(document.referrer) + '&n=' + escape(navigator.userAgent) + '&p=' + escape(navigator.userAgent) if(navigator.userAgent.substring(0,1)>'3') {data = data + '&sd=' + screen.colorDepth + '&sw=' + escape(screen.width+ 'x'+screen.height)}; document.write('<img border=0 hspace=0 '+'vspace=0 src="http://www.branica.com/counter.php?i=10060' + data + '" alt="Blog Counter by Branica">'); </script><br /></a><span style="color: #838383; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.branica.com/">Click for Branica Counters</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Πως λέμε ... </b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">(<span style="font-size: x-small;">1-20</span>)</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></span></b></span></div><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Π</span>ολλές φορές διστάζουμε να γράψουμε (ή να πούμε) κάτι στην Αγγλική..ίσως επειδή έχουμε ξεχάσει βασικά πράγματα που μάθαμε στα κέντρα ξένων γλωσσών ή στο σχολείο... ίσως επειδή δεν εξασκούμε καθόλου ή λίγο, αυτά που ήδη θυμόμαστε. Ακόμη, ίσως, επειδή δεν έχουμε κάνει αυτό που στην αγγλική λέγεται <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">intensive reading</span> (με πολύ απλά λόγια, να σκάψουμε βαθιά για να βρούμε τις ρίζες της λέξης/φράσης που μας ενδιαφέρει ή/και <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">extensive reading</span> (να διαβάσουμε πολλά κείμενα στην αγγλική&nbsp;γλώσσα, όσο πιο πολλά γίνεται για να αρχίσουμε να σκεφτόμαστε όπως οι αγγλόφωνοι!) Όπως και να γίνει εδώ θα βρείτε, ελπίζω, κάποιες απαντήσεις στα ερωτήματα και&nbsp;απορίες σας. </b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">----------------------------------------------------------------</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">1.&nbsp; Χαίρω πολύ!!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">2.&nbsp; Μαθαίνω Αγγλικά πέντε (5 ) χρόνια!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">3.&nbsp; Πήγαμε σινεμά με την Ελένη!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">4.&nbsp; Ωρα να φύγουμε !! (ποιος να φύγει, όμως ;)</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">5.&nbsp; Μου είπαν ότι ........</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">6.&nbsp; Είμαι εδώ για να μείνω <span style="color: red;">αλλά </span>Είμαι εδώ για να μείνεις. (;)</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">7.&nbsp; See a dream? <span style="color: red;">or</span> Have a dream?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>8.&nbsp; 'Μου είπε', 'Του είπα'!</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>9. 'Μου είπαν να φέρω κάτι' / 'Μου είπαν να πάρω κάτι' κτλ</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">10.&nbsp; 'He is actor'&nbsp; ή 'He is an actor' ;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>11. &nbsp;' Τι σημαίνει η λέξη βιβλίο ; '</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">12.&nbsp; Θέλω μερικές&nbsp;πληροφορίες, παρακαλώ.&nbsp; </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">13. Are you good ? Yes, I am good. (?)</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>14. Different than / different from/ better than</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">15. Επιτροπές...Κυβερνήσεις... Liverpool Football Club..!!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>16. Πιο πολύ...Περισσότερο...</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;">17.&nbsp; Excuse me ... I'm sorry ...</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;">18.&nbsp; Ξεκινώ καλά αλλά μετά .... γιατί ρωτώ!!</span></b></span><br /><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">I9.&nbsp; Service στην εκκλησία ?</span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="color: blue;">20.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp; </span>Θα με χειρουργήσουν…!!<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></b></span><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>1.&nbsp;&nbsp; Χαίρω πολύ!!</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">Θα ξεκινήσω με τη φράση <b>'Χαίρω πολύ'</b>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Χρησιμοποιούμε τις δύο αυτές λέξεις όταν συναντούμε κάποιον/α για πρώτη φορά. Ανταλλάσουμε αυτή τη&nbsp;φράση για να δείξουμε ότι αποδεχόμαστε κοινωνικά, κατ'αρχήν, αυτό το πρόσωπο. Είναι μία επίσημη (formal) έκφραση, κυρίως για μεγαλύτερες ηλικίες. Οι νεώτεροι μπορούν να αρκεστούν σε ένα απλό 'hello'.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Oι Έλληνες λένε:</div><div style="text-align: left;">-<span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Χαίρω πολύ</b></span>. (ο πρώτος συστηνόμενος)</div><div style="text-align: left;">κι ο δεύτερος συστηνόμενος ανταποκρίνεται λέγοντας με τη σειρά του</div><div style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;-<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Χαίρω πολύ</span></b>.</span> </div><div style="text-align: left;">Οι Αγγλόφωνοι τι λένε;</div><div style="text-align: left;">Για να καταλάβουμε τι λένε οι αγγλόφωνοι θα εξηγήσω τι σημαίνουν οι εξής φράσεις:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">a.&nbsp;&nbsp; What are you doing?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">b.&nbsp;&nbsp; How do you do?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">c.&nbsp;&nbsp; How are you?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">d.&nbsp;&nbsp; What do you do?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">a.&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><span style="color: blue;">What are you doing</span></b> ? </div><div style="text-align: left;">απλά σημαίνει: <i>τι κάνεις αυτη τη στιγμή</i> (που μιλάμε) Είναι ο κλασσικός Present Continuous/Ενεστώτας διαρκείας.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">b.&nbsp; <b><span style="color: blue;">How do you do</span></b>?</div><div style="text-align: left;">σημαίνει: <i>Χαίρω πολύ</i> (και τίποτε άλλο!) Λέγεται πάντα&nbsp;όταν γίνονται συστάσεις.&nbsp;Όταν θέλετε να πείτε ' χαίρω πολύ ', να λέτε ' How do you do'.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">c.&nbsp; <b><span style="color: blue;">How are you</span></b>?</div><div style="text-align: left;">σημαίνει: <i>Τι κάνεις</i>; (από υγεία / πως είσαι / τυπική κοινωνική έκφραση )</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;"> <b>What do you do</b></span>?</div><div style="text-align: left;">σημαίνει: &nbsp;<i>Τι δουλειά κάνεις; Με τι ασχολείσαι</i>;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Όταν, λοιπόν, συναντούμε κάποιους για πρώτη φορά θα πρέπει να ακολουθήσει αυτός ο διάλογος:</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ας υποθέσουμε ότι η&nbsp;Μαρία&nbsp;συστήνει την Jane, στο φίλο της Μάριο:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">-Mario, this is&nbsp;Jane.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">-Mario: How do you do?</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">-Jane: How do you do?</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Επομένως, να χρησιμοποιείτε 'How do you do' μόνο όταν μας συστήνουν κάποιον/α. <b><span style="color: red;">Ποτέ</span></b> δεν λέμε:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">-How do you do!</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">-Thank you, very well!</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1l_e4T8MKI/AAAAAAAAAX8/7ppvNz3SY2Q/s1600-h/IMGP0799.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1l_e4T8MKI/AAAAAAAAAX8/7ppvNz3SY2Q/s200/IMGP0799.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">I am Aggelica.&nbsp;</span></span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">I was born in 1995.</span></span></b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>I like stuffed tomatoes.&nbsp;</b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>My favourite film is 'Titanic'.<br /></b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>2.&nbsp;&nbsp; Μαθαίνω Αγγλικά 5 (πέντε) χρόνια!</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Θα ακούσετε πολλούς να λένε: </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">I learn English for five years.</span></b> </div><div style="text-align: left;">Είναι λάθος και το κάνουμε σχεδόν όλοι!</div><div style="text-align: left;">Η σωστή απόδοση είναι:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">I have been learning English for five years.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Μερικά παραδείγματα ακόμη:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Παίζω ποδόσφαιρο δέκα χρόνια. -&nbsp;I have been playing football for ten years.&nbsp;</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Κάνω χορό τέσσερα χρόνια. - I have been dancing for four years.</span></b></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;">3.&nbsp;&nbsp; Πήγαμε σινεμά με την Ελένη!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Πολλοί από εμάς θα πουν: <b><span style="color: blue;">We went to the cinema with Helen</span>.</b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Ερώτηση: Ποιοι είναι <b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">we</span></b>; Μήπως το <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">we</span></b> είναι <b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">I</span></b>; Δηλαδή μήπως θα έπρεπε να πούμε;</span> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">I went to the cinema with Helen;</span> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Ναι, αυτή είναι η σωστή απόδοση γιατι όταν λέμε ΄'πήγαμε' εννοούμε <span style="color: blue;">'<b>εγώ</b></span> και η <b><span style="color: blue;">Ελένη</span></b>'. Κανείς άλλος! Σε διαφορετική περίπτωση, αν εννοούμε ότι '<span style="color: blue;"><b>εγώ</b>, ο <b>Άντώνης</b>, η <b>Σοφία</b></span> <span style="color: blue;">πήγαμε σινεμά με την</span> <b><span style="color: blue;">Ελένη</span>,</b> τότε θα έπρεπε να πούμε: </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">I, Antony and&nbsp;Sofia went to the cinema with Helen!</span></b></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;">4.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ωρα να φύγουμε !! (ποιος να φύγει, όμως ;)</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Εδώ πρέπει να αναφερθούμε στο πρόσωπο που θα φύγει. Δηλαδή αν πρόκειται να φύγει η Μαρία, τότε πρέπει να πούμε:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">It's time Maria left.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;">ή</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">It's time for Maria to leave.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Αν πρόκειται να φύγουμε όλοι μας, τότε λέμε:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>It's time we all left.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Αν πρόκειται να φύγουν μόνο δύο από εμάς, τότε λέμε:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>It's time two of us left.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;">Περισσότερα παραδείγματα:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Είναι ώρα να φας. - It's time you ate.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Είναι καιρός να παντρευτείς. - It's time you got married.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Είναι καιρός να βάψουμε το σπιτι. - It's time we painted the house or (we had the house painted).</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S13uxR_gusI/AAAAAAAAAZ8/wXn-n3LTUVM/s1600-h/IMGP0817.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S13uxR_gusI/AAAAAAAAAZ8/wXn-n3LTUVM/s200/IMGP0817.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: blue;">&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">I'm Mike.</span></span></b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>My favourite actor is Jack Nicholson.</b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>I love spaghetti.</b></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Sailing is my favourite hobby!</span><br /></span></b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">5.&nbsp;&nbsp; Μου είπαν ότι </span>........</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Εδώ θα κάνω μία σύντομη ανάλυση της φράσης <b><i>'μου είπαν ότι</i></b> ...' .</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Συχνά λέμε: 'Μου είπαν ότι ο Ολυμπιακός έχει μερικά προβλήματα φέτος.'</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Στην Αγγλική: <b><span style="color: blue;">'They told me</span></b> that Olympiakos are having a few problems this year.'</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Επειδή δεν γνωρίζουν ποιοι είναι οι <span style="color: blue;">'</span><b><span style="color: blue;">they</span>'</b> ή δεν θέλουν να αναφερθούν οναμαστικά σ'αυτούς, συνήθως οι Άγγλοι λένε ' <b><span style="color: blue;">I was told</span></b>..'. </div><div style="text-align: left;">Επομένως πρέπει να συνηθίσουμε να λέμε: <b><span style="color: blue;">'I was told...</span>'</b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Μερικά παραδείγματα:</div><div style="text-align: left;">Μου είπαν να συνεχίσω την εργασία μου. - <b><span style="color: blue;">I was told to carry on working</span></b>.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Μου είπαν να καθήσω εκεί. -&nbsp;<b><span style="color: blue;">I was told to sit down over there.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Μου είπαν ότι θα με απολύσουν σύντομα.<b> -&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;">I was told that I would get the sack soon.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Είμαι εδώ για να μείνω <span style="color: red;">αλλά</span>&nbsp; Είμαι εδώ για να μείνεις. (;)</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Είμαι σίγουρος ότι στην πρώτη περίπτωση οι περισσότεροι θα έλεγαν ή έγραφαν:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">I'm here to stay. <span style="color: black; font-size: small;">(Πολύ σωστό)</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Στη δεύτερη όμως περίπτωση τι θα έλεγαν;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Εδώ πρέπει να εξηγήσω τι σημαίνει ταυτοπροσωπία ή/και ετεροπροσωπία. Όταν το υποκείμενο και των δύο ρημάτων στην πρόταση είναι το ίδιο τότε έχουμε ταυτοπροσωπία. Δηλαδή στην παραπάνω πρόταση <b><span style="color: blue;">'Είμαι εδώ για να μείνω</span>."</b> το υποκείμενο των ρημάτων '<span style="color: blue;"><b>είμαι</b>'</span> και '<b><span style="color: blue;">μείνω</span>'</b> είναι το ίδιο, δηλαδή '<b>εγώ</b>' . Αρα:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>I am here <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">in order to / so as to / to</span><span style="color: red;"> </span>/ stay.&nbsp;&nbsp; ( <span style="color: red;">in order to</span> / <span style="color: red;">so as to</span> /&nbsp; <span style="color: red;">to</span> = για να)</b>Στη δεύτερη όμως περίπτωση<b> 'Είμαι εδώ για να μείνεις'</b> το υποκείμενο του '<b>είμαι'</b> (που είναι το '<b>εγώ</b>΄) είναι διαφορετικό από το υποκείμενο του '<b>μείνεις</b>', (που είναι το '<b>εσύ</b>'). Εδώ λοιπόν πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τις λέξεις <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>'so that'</b></span> και τα ρήματα <b><span style="color: red;">can, will, may</span></b> για το παρόν και <b><span style="color: red;">could, might</span>, <span style="color: red;">would</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>για το παρελθόν. Άρα: </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I am here <b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">so that</span></b> you <span style="color: red;"><b>can</b></span> stay. ( <span style="color: red;"><b>so that</b></span> = <b>για να</b>)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Επομένως:</b> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Ταυτοπροσωπία</b></span> &gt;<b><span style="color: red;"> in order to / so as to / to</span></b>&nbsp;(για να)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Ετεροπροσωπία</b></span> &gt; <b><span style="color: red;">so as</span></b> (για να)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Παραδείγματα:</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Πήγα <b>για να</b> τη δω (ταυτοπροσωπία).</span> <span style="color: red;">I went <span style="color: blue;"><b>to</b></span> see her.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;">Κάθησα <b>για να</b> φάω (ταυτοπροσωπία)</span>. I sat down <span style="color: blue;"><b>in order to</b></span> have lunch.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Πάω στη μητέρα μου <b>για να</b> με δει (ετεροπροσωπία). <span style="color: red;">I go to my mother's&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;"><b>so that</b></span> she <span style="color: blue;"><b>can</b></span> see</span> </span><span style="color: red;">me.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;">Η μικρή Μαρία κάθησε ακίνητη <b>για να</b> της μιλήσω (ετεροπροσωπία)</span>. Little Mary stayed still <span style="color: blue;"><b>so that</b></span> I <span style="color: blue;"><b>could</b></span> talk to her.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>7.&nbsp; See a dream?&nbsp; <span style="color: red;">or &nbsp;</span>Have a dream?</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Στην ελληνική γλώσσα λέμε: <b>'Χτες το βράδυ είδα ένα όνειρο.'</b></span><b>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Στην αγγλική <span style="color: red;">ΔΕΝ </span>λέμε: 'Last night I saw a dream'.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Λέμε</span>: 'Last night I had a dream'. </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Επομένως το δικό μας ελληνικό 'βλέπω να όνειρο' για τους άγγλους είναι ''εχω ένα όνειρο' (have a dream).</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">8.&nbsp; 'Μου είπε', 'Του είπα'!</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></b></span><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: red;">Λάθος</span>: He <span style="color: blue;">said</span> to me that he would come&nbsp;early.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Σωστό: He <span style="color: blue;">told </span>me that he would come&nbsp;early.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Γιατί <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">told</span> </span>; </b></span><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Επειδή&nbsp;υπάρχει&nbsp;προσωπικό αντικείμενο.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Γιατί&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">say</span> </span>; Επειδή&nbsp;δεν υπάρχει προσωπικό αντικείμενο.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>She</b> <span style="color: blue;"><b>said</b></span> <b>that she would buy a new car. ( Δεν υπάρχει προσωπικό αντικείμενο)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>She <span style="color: blue;">told </span>him that she would buy a new car. (Υπάρχει προσωπικό αντικείμενο – <span style="font-size: large;">him</span>)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;">Οταν ζητάμε ευγενικά από κάποιον να κάνει κάτι για μας:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;"><b>Δεν λέμε</b></span>: I <span style="color: red;"><b>told </b></span>my wife to iron my shirt.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Λέμε</span>:</b> I <span style="color: red;"><b>asked</b> </span>my wife to iron my shirt.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>9.</b></span>&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>'Μου είπαν να φέρω κάτι' / 'Μου είπαν να πάρω κάτι' κτλ</b></span>.<br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Bring / Take - Φέρνω /&nbsp;Παίρνω</span></b>&nbsp; <br /><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">bring / take</span></b>: &nbsp;Έχουν παρόμοιες έννοιες στην αγγλική και συχνά δημιουργούν σύγχιση.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Να θυμάστε:&nbsp;<b><span style="color: red;">bring</span></b> σημαίνει ότι (μετα)φέρω κάτι/κάποιον <b>προς</b> εμένα ενώ&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"><b>take </b></span>σημαίνει ότι (μετα)φέρω κάτι/κάποιον <b><span style="color: black;">μακριά</span></b> από εμένα.<br /><br /><b>Παραδείγματα</b>: <br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Bring:</span></b> <span style="color: blue;"><b>Bring</b> your friend <span style="color: blue;"><b>to </b>the</span> house for a drink tonight.</span><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Take:</b> <span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>Take</b>&nbsp;your friend <b>out</b> for a drink tonight.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">More examples:</span> </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">My parents <b>brought</b> an old friend to the party.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">My parents <b>took</b> me to a party where I saw&nbsp;an old friend.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">I don't want to go the party on&nbsp;my own so can I <b>bring</b> a friend.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">My friend didn't want to go to the party on her own so she <b>took</b> me with her.</span><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>10.&nbsp; 'He is actor' <span style="color: red;">ή</span> 'He is an actor' ;</b></span><br /><br />Για εκείνους που ευρίσκονται στα&nbsp;πρώτα βήματά τους με την αγγλική γλώσσα:<br /><b>Λέμε</b>:<br /><span style="color: blue;">I am&nbsp;an actor.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">He is a photographer.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">I am a policeman.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">She is a teacher.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">I am a taxi driver.</span><br /><b>Δεν λέμε</b>:<br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>I am baker <span style="color: red;">αλλά&nbsp;</span>Ι am a baker.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>He is footballer <span style="color: red;">αλλά </span>He is a footballer</b></span>.<br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S13v3F50LEI/AAAAAAAAAaE/bDZAyr5VCkc/s1600-h/IMGP0822.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S13v3F50LEI/AAAAAAAAAaE/bDZAyr5VCkc/s200/IMGP0822.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>&nbsp;I am Anastasia.</b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Angelina Jolie is my favourite actress.</b></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I am hooked on pastitsio(!)</b></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">I love dancing.</span><br /></span></b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">11.&nbsp; ' Τι σημαίνει η λέξη βιβλίο ; '</span><br /></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;">Εδώ γνωρίζω ότι μπήκα σε ένα χώρο όπου αυτός που κατέχει τη σωστή σύνταξη της ερώτησης πρέπει να γνωρίζει και καλά (πιο απλά: δουλεμένα!)&nbsp;αγγλικά.</span><br /><br /><b>Συνήθως λέμε:</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>What <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">means</span> the word <span style="font-size: large;">book</span>?</b></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>What <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">is</span> the word <span style="font-size: large;">book</span> mean?</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>What the word <span style="font-size: large;">book</span> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">mean</span>?<br /></b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Φυσικά όλα είναι λανθασμένα! Η σωστή σύνταξη είναι:</b></span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">What <span style="font-size: large;">does</span> the word book <span style="font-size: large;">mean</span>?</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Από επιστημονική αλλά και προσωπική εμπειρική ανάλυση, εκείνοι οι χρήστες που κατασκευάζουν και χρησιμοποιούν με άνεση αυτή την πρόταση μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν όλες τις ερωτήσεις που χρειάζεται κάποιος για να υποστηρίξει έναν καλό διάλογο. Ακούγεται (ή φαίνεται) απλοϊκό αλλά να το προσέξετε. </span></b><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">12. Θέλω μερικές πληροφορίες, παρακαλώ.</span></b> <br /><br /><b>Πονεμένη ιστορία!!! </b><br /><b>Λέμε: (σ'όλα τα μήκη και πλάτη του κόσμου)</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>I want some information<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">s</span>, please.</b></span> (όταν ζητάμε πληροφορίες για κάτι)<br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Information<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">s</span> here!</b></span> (προχειρογραμμένη επιγραφή σε τουριστικά μέρη στην Ελλάδα)<br /><br />Ποτέ <span style="color: blue;"><b>INFORMATIONS</b></span>....Πάντα <span style="color: blue;"><b>INFORMATION !!</b></span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">I want some <span style="color: red;">information</span>, please.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Information</span> here!</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Αν θέλουμε Μία (1) πληροφορία θα πούμε:</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>I want</b> <b><span style="color: red;">a piece of</span></b> <b>information, please!</b></span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">A piece of</span> σημαίνει 'μία'.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Το ίδιο ισχύει και για τη&nbsp;λέξη <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">advice <span style="font-size: x-small;">(συμβουλή).</span></span></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">Παραδείγματα:</span></b><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Θέλω (μερικές) συμβουλές:</span> I want some advice.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Θέλω (μία) συμβουλή:</span> I want a piece of advice.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>13. Are you good ? Yes, I am good. (?)</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>Are you well ? Yes, I am well !!</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Είμαι σίγουρος ότι θα έχετε ακούσει στην τηλεόραση να λένε: </b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>I did <span style="color: red;">good</span> on the test. </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Αυτό είναι λάθος! </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">I did <b><span style="color: red;">well</span></b> on the test.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Αυτό είναι σωστό!</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Το <b><span style="color: red;">good </span></b>είναι επίθετο και πρέπει να <span style="color: red;"><b>περιγράφει</b></span> κάποιον ή κάτι. Με άλλα λόγια το <span style="color: red;"><b>good </b></span>πρέπει <b>ΠΑΝΤΑ</b> να ακολουθείται από ένα ουσιαστικό. <span style="color: red;"><b>Πχ</b></span>. <b><span style="color: blue;">Jane is a <span style="color: red;">good </span>friend.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Το <b><span style="color: red;">well</span></b> είναι επιρρημα και πρέπει να <span style="color: red;"><b>περιγράφει</b></span> <span style="color: blue;"><b>πως</b></span> κάποιος ή κάτι κάνει κάτι.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Examples: </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">She is a <span style="color: red;">good </span>chemisrty teacher.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Mary thinks she is a <span style="color: red;">good</span> actress.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Bob plays tennis <span style="color: red;">well.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Their children always behave <span style="color: red;">well.</span></span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>14.&nbsp; Different than / different from/ better than</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Εδώ υπάρχει μια μικρή σύγχιση:</b></span></span><br /><br /><b>Our new dining table is <span style="color: red;">different than</span> the one we had before. <span style="color: red;">Λάθος!!</span></b><br /><b>Our new dining table is <span style="color: red;">different from</span> the one we had before. <span style="color: red;">Σωστό!!</span></b><br /><br /><b>Θέλω να προσέξετε αυτό:</b><br /><br /><b>Our new dining table is <span style="color: red;">better than</span> the one we had before.</b><br /><br /><b>More examples:</b><br /><b>I am <span style="color: red;">different from</span> my brother <span style="color: red;">OXI</span> I am <span style="color: red;">different</span> <span style="color: red;">than</span> my brother.</b><br /><b>Peter is <span style="color: red;">taller than</span> Jane.</b><br /><b>Greece has a <span style="color: red;">milder</span> climate <span style="color: red;">than</span> England.</b><br /><b>Men are <span style="color: red;">different from</span> women.</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>15.&nbsp; Επιτροπές... Κυβερνήσεις... Liverpool Football Club..!!</b></span><br /><br />Συχνά χρησιμοποιούμε ουσιαστικά, στον ενικό αριθμό, που αναφέρονται σε ομάδες ανθρώπων ως να είναι στον πληθυντικό. Αυτό ισχύει πιο πολύ στην Αγγλία απ’ότι στην Αμερική. Μερικά από αυτά είναι: <b><span style="color: red;">team (ομάδα), majority (πλειοψηφία), class (τάξη), government (κυβέρνηση), department (τμήμα), family (οικογένεια), committee (επιτροπή),&nbsp;school (σχολείο), army (στρατός), audience (ακροατήριο), squad (ομάδα), </span></b>κ.α. Σ’αυτές τις περιπτώσεις το ρήμα μπαίνει στον πληθ. αριθμό, το <b><span style="color: red;">they </span></b>γίνεται<b><span style="color: red;"> it</span></b> και φυσικά χρησιμοποιούμε το <b><span style="color: red;">who</span></b>.<br /><b>Μερικά παραδείγματα:</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>• The class <span style="color: red;">need</span> a new writing board. <span style="color: red;">They </span><span style="color: red;">don’t</span> want to use the old one.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>• Mary’s family, <span style="color: red;">who</span> often go on trips abroad, <span style="color: red;">are</span> staying home this summer.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>• The local football team <span style="color: red;">have</span> won all the trophies <span style="color: red;">they have</span> played for.</b></span><br /><br />Πρέπει, λοιπόν, να θυμόμαστε ότι αν τα μέλη μιας ομάδας (group) ενεργούν ως <b><span style="color: red;">ΕΝΑ</span></b> τότε βάζουμε το ρήμα στον ενικό. Αν τα μέλη μιας ομάδας ενεργούν <b><span style="color: red;">ατομικά </span></b>(ξεχωριστά) τότε βάζουμε το ρήμα στον πληθυντικό.<br /><b>Παραδείγματα:</b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The police squad&nbsp;<span style="color: red;">chases</span> the robbers through the streets of London.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The police squad <span style="color: red;">chase</span> robbers, riding <span style="color: red;">their motor</span>bikes, driving <span style="color: red;">their</span> cars and, good Lord, some of <span style="color: red;">them</span> riding <span style="color: red;">their</span> pushbikes!&nbsp;</span></b><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">16.&nbsp; Πιο πολύ...Περισσότερο...</span></b><br /><br /><b>Συνηθίζουμε να λέμε:</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">It is <span style="color: red;">more&nbsp;hot</span> today. Λάθος!</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"></span><br /><span style="color: blue;">He is <span style="color: red;">more taller</span> than me. Λάθος!</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">His car is <span style="color: red;">more long</span> than mine. Λάθος!</span><br /><br /><b>Και μία&nbsp;... ακρότητα!</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">Mary is beautiful<span style="color: red;">ler</span> than Jane!!! </span><span style="color: red;"><b>Τεράστιο λάθος!!!</b></span><br /><br /><b>Να θυμάστε</b>: <br /><span style="color: red;"><b>Μονοσύλλαβες, δισύλλαβες</b></span> λέξεις (επίθετα) σχηματίζονται στο συγκριτικό τους βαθμό χωρίς τη βοήθεια του<span style="color: red;"> <b>more</b></span>. <br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: black;">Παραδείγματα:</span> </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Ο Πέτρος είναι <span style="color: red;">πιο κοντός</span> από τον Γιάννη. (επίθετο: <span style="color: red;">short</span>)</b></span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Peter is <span style="color: red;">shorter than</span> John.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Η μητέρα μου είναι πάντα <span style="color: red;">πιο απασχολημένη</span> από τον πατέρα μου. (επίθετο: <span style="color: red;">busy</span>)</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">My mother is always <span style="color: red;">busier than</span> my father.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Τρισύλλαβες (&nbsp;+ )</span> λέξεις (επίθετα) χρειάζονται το <span style="color: red;">more</span>.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: black;">Παραδείγματα:</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Η Ελένη είναι <span style="color: red;">πιο όμορφη</span> από τη Μαρία. (επίθετο: <span style="color: red;">beautiful</span>)</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Helen is <span style="color: red;">more beautiful</span> than Mary.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Το πάρτυ ήταν <span style="color: red;">χειρότερο από</span> πέρυσι. (επίθετο: </span><span style="color: red;">terrible)</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The party was <span style="color: red;">more terrible than</span> last year.</span></b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">17.&nbsp; Excuse me ... I'm sorry ...</span></b><br /><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Δ</span></b>εν υπάρχει αμφιβολία – αν είμαστε ευγενικοί στους συνανθρώπους μας θα μας συμπαθούν και θαυμάζουν!</div><div class="MsoNormal">Ένα μικρό βήμα για να αρέσουμε στους άλλους είναι να μάθουμε να ζητάμε συγνώμη. Θα μας βοηθήσει πολύ στα κοινωνικές μας σχέσεις.<br /><b>Πότε λέμε</b> <b style="color: red;">sorry</b>:&nbsp; <b>Όταν κάνουμε κάτι λάθος ή όταν ενοχλήσουμε κάποιον.</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Παραδείγματα:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: blue;">I’m sorry for being late …..</b> (</span><b>Συγνώμη που άργησα</b><span lang="EN-GB"><b>…</b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: blue;">Sorry for forgetting your name day, Mary!</b> </span>( <b>Συγνώμη που ξέχασα την ονομαστική σου εορτή Μαρία!)</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: blue;">I’m sorry I didn’t come to the meeting…</b> </span>(<b>Συγνώμη που δεν ήρθα στη συνάντηση …</b>)</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Πότε λέμε <span style="color: red;">excuse me..</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Αν είμαστε σ’ ένα λεωφορείο και θέλουμε να προχωρήσουμε μπροστά για να κατεβούμε θα ζητήσουμε συγνώμη λέγοντας</b>: <b style="color: red;"><span lang="EN-US">Excuse</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">me</span>!</b> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Αν στην πορεία μας προς την μπροστινή πόρτα του λεωφορείου πατήσουμε κάποιον κατά λάθος τότε θα πούμε</b>: <b style="color: red;"><span lang="EN-US">I</span>’<span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">sorry</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">sir</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b>ή <span style="color: red;">I’m sorry sir/madam/miss.<br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></o:p></div><o:p><br /></o:p><br /><o:p><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span></o:p><br /><o:p><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span></o:p><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">18.&nbsp; Ξεκινώ καλά αλλά μετά .... γιατί ρωτώ? (!!)</span></b><br /><b>Εδώ έχουμε ένα κλασσικό λάθος που γίνεται συχνά, σχεδόν πάντα από ανθρώπους που ευρίσκονται στο μικρο-μεσαίο επίπεδο γνώσης της αγγλικής - πολλές φορές και πιο πάνω!</b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Example:</span><br /></b><br /><span lang="EN-US"><b>He asked:</b> <b style="color: blue;">Where does Mary go every Sunday morning?</b><b style="color: black;">&nbsp;</b></span><br /><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">( Ευθύς λόγος)</span></b><b style="color: blue;"><br /></b></span><br /><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: red;">He asked where does Mary go every Sunday morning.&nbsp;</b></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <br /><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;(Λανθασμένη μεταφορά στον Πλάγιο λόγο)</span></b><br /><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="color: red;">He asked where Mary went every Sunday morning.</span></b><o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>(Σωστή μεταφορά στον Πλάγιο λόγο)</b></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Example</b></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>:</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>She asked:</b> <b style="color: blue;">Why are you so nervous?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: red;">&nbsp;She asked why was he so nervous.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>(Λανθασμένη μεταφορά στον πλάγιο λόγο.)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="color: red;">She asked why he was so nervous.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;(Σωστή μεταφορά στον Πλάγιο λόγο.)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Συμπέρασμα:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;Όταν μεταφέρουμε μία ερώτηση από <b>ευθύ</b> σε <b>πλάγιο</b> λόγο η ερωτηματική μορφή του ρήματος αλλάζει σε καταφατική.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Ένα ακόμη παράδειγμα</b></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>:</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>&nbsp;Peter asked:</b> <b style="color: blue;">Mary, when will you move to your new flat?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;Σωστή μεταφορά στον Πλάγιο λόγο:</span></b></div><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;Peter asked Mary when she would move to her new flat.</span></span></b><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">I9.&nbsp; Service στην εκκλησία ?</span></span></b></div><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Ό</span></span>σο κι αν ακούγεται παράξενο, ναι..κάνουμε <b style="color: red;">service</b> στην εκκλησία! Πως;</span></span></span><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Παράδειγμα:</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: blue;"><b><span lang="EN-US">The <span style="color: red;">service</span> in church at Christmas was very moving.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: blue;"><b><span lang="EN-US">The vicar gave a beautiful <span style="color: red;">service</span> at the funeral.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: blue;"><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: blue;"><br /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Service</span>, εκτός των άλλων, σημαίνει και λειτουργία (θρησκευτική).&nbsp; <br /></span></b></div><div style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: blue;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">moving=συγκινητικός</span></b></span><br /><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">vicar=παπάς</span></b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">funeral=κηδεία</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:616257783; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1772684720 1493753674 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179 67633167 67633177 67633179;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:20; mso-level-tab-stop:39.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-21.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">20.<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Θα με χειρουργήσουν…!!<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p>Αντιλαμβάνεστε ότι δεν θα ήθελα κανείς μας να καταλήξει σ’ ένα χειρουργείο για οποιονδήποτε λόγο…ακόμη και για να γίνει πιο …. όμορφη/ος! <br /><div></div>Τι λέμε, όμως, σ’αυτήν την περίπτωση;</div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Παράδειγμα:</b><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><span style="color: blue;">Την επόμενη εβδομάδα θα <span style="color: red;">χειρουργηθώ</span> στο πόδι. </span><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><span style="color: blue;">Ο γιατρός, την επόμενη εβδομάδα, θα με <span style="color: red;">ανοίξει</span> (!) στο πόδι για να δει τι έχω.</span><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><span style="color: blue;">Σύντομα θα με <span style="color: red;">χειρουργήσουν</span>.</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Στην αγγλική θα λέγαμε</b><span lang="EN-GB"><b>:</b><o:p></o:p></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><span lang="EN-US">Next week, I <b>will be operated on</b> my leg. </span>(Να προσέξετε το <b style="color: red;"><span lang="EN-US">on</span>)</b>.<br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><span lang="EN-US">Next week, the</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">surgeon <b>will operate on</b> my leg to find out what’s wrong with me.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><span lang="EN-US">Soon, I <b>will be operated on</b>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Είναι ξεκάθαρο ότι το ρήμα <b><span lang="EN-US">operate</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span>μαζί με την πρόθεση <b><span lang="EN-US">on</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span>χρειάζονται για να αποδώσουμε αυτό που λέμε στην ελληνική: <b>χειρουργώ</b> ή <b>κάνω επέμβαση.</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">********** </span></div><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span> </span></b></div><o:p><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></span></span></span></o:p><b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 11" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CNick2%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->  </style><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"></span></b></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-3144085865365830560?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-4246706091140043812009-11-06T15:18:00.001+02:002009-11-06T15:19:17.177+02:00<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Μαθητές </span></strong><br /><strong>Ευρώπη </strong><br /><strong>Κακές οι επιδόσεις των 15χρονων ελλήνων </strong><br /><br />Τις λιγότερες ώρες διδασκαλίας, αλλά και τις χαμηλότερες επιδόσεις σε βασικά μαθήματα έχουν οι 15χρονοι Ελληνες. Αυτό προκύπτει, όπως αναφέρει η Καθημερινή (05.11.2009), από την έκθεση του ΟΟΣΑ Education at Glance για το 2009, που δημοσιοποιήθηκε από τον Οργανισμό στις 7 Σεπτεμβρίου και παρουσίασε στον Τύπο το ελληνικό υπουργείο Παιδείας. <br /><br />Ενδεικτικά, με βάση την έκθεση, το σχολικό έτος στην Ελλάδα για τους μαθητές γυμνασίου έχει 559 ώρες, κατατάσσοντας την χώρα στην 21η μεταξύ 23 χωρών-μελών του ΟΟΣΑ που έδωσαν στοιχεία. Τις περισσότερες ώρες ετησίως (1.080) έχουν οι μαθητές γυμνασίου στις ΗΠΑ. Ακόμη, η σχολική διαδικασία απωθεί, παρά έλκει τους Ελληνες μαθητές. <br /><br />Αποτέλεσμα είναι οι κακές επιδόσεις των Ελλήνων 15χρονων στα Μαθηματικά (39η θέση), στην Κατανόηση Κειμένου (36η) και στις Φυσικές Επιστήμες (38η) στον τελευταίο διαγωνισμό PISA του ΟΟΣΑ με μαθητές από 57 χώρες. Την προσοχή τραβά, επίσης, ο ότι η Ελλάδα έχει το χαμηλότερο ποσοστό αποφοίτων -23,9%- επί του συνόλου των φοιτητών. Πρώτη είναι η Ισλανδία με 88,7%.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-424670609114004381?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-24656632634162150292009-10-24T10:35:00.003+03:002010-02-01T15:00:45.381+02:00<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: small;">Στην Αγγλία υπάρχουν 11.7 εκατομύρια μαθητές όλων των βαθμίδων</span></b>.</span><br /><br />Η εκπαίδευση είναι υποχρεωτική για όλα τα παιδιά ηλικίας μεταξύ 5 και 16 ετών. Από εκεί και μετά οι σπουδαστές μπορούν να προχωρήσουν σε σπουδές για 2 ακόμη χρόνια ώστε να αποκτήσουν&nbsp;2,3 ή 4 Α level πιστοποιητικά που θα τους επιτρέψουν να εισέλθουν στα πανεπιστήμια της χώρας. <br />Το 2013&nbsp;οι μαθητές στην Αγγλία θα αποφοιτούν υποχρεωτικά&nbsp;18 χρόνων.<br />Τα κρατικά σχολεία (state-provided schools) παρέχουν δωρεάν παιδεία. Υπάρχει, όμως, και ανεξάρτητη ποιοτική ιδιωτική εκπαίδευση για εκείνους που έχουν την οικονομική άνεση να στείλουν τα παιδιά τους σε ιδιωτικά εκπαιδευτήρια.<br />Μεταξύ σχολείου και πανεπιστημίου υπάρχουν αρκετά πτυχία συνήθως επαγγελματικού προσανατολισμού. <br />Οι σπουδές στα πανεπιστήμια διαρκούν 3 χρόνια και οδηγούν σε Bachelor's Degree. <br />Μεταπτυχιακά διπλώματα (Postgraduate degrees) περιλαμβάνουν&nbsp;Master's Degrees (διάρκειας 1 έτους συνήθως). Η τελική&nbsp;κατάληξη είναι το πτυχίο έρευνας (Doctor of Philosophy),&nbsp;η διάρκεια του οποίου είνα 3 έτη. Οι σπουδές χρηματοδοτούνται από το κράτος και οι&nbsp;φοιτητές, γενικά,&nbsp;καταβάλλουν&nbsp;χαμηλά δίδακτρα.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Πρωτοβάθμια και δευτεροβάθμια&nbsp;εκπαίδευση.</span></b><br /><br />Το σχολικό έτος συνήθως αρχίζει την 1η Σεπτεμβρίου. Όλα τα παιδιά που έχουν συμπληρώσει το 5ο έτος της ηλικίας τους πρέπει υποχρεωτικά να πάνε σχολείο και θα μείνου εκεί μέχρι να γίνουν 16.<br />Αυτό αλλάζει από το 2013 και γίνεται 18. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Χρηματοδοτούμενα από το κράτος σχολεία.<br /></span></b><br />Το κράτος χρηματοδοτεί μαθητές από 3 ετών μέχρι 18 σε όλα τα κρατικά σχολεία και κολλέγια. Η παρακολούθηση σε αυτά&nbsp;τα σχολεία και κολλέγια ανέρχεται στο 93% περίπου.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Θρησκευτικά σχολεία ( Faith schools)</span></b><br /><br />Στην Αγγλία υπάρχει ένας σημαντικός αριθμός θρησκευτικών σχολείων χρηματοδοτούμενα από το κράτος. Αυτά τα σχολεία είναι προσδεδεμένα σε γνωστές θρησκείες όπως&nbsp;Church of England (Εκκλησία της Αγγλίας) ή&nbsp;Roman Catholic Church (Ρωμαιοκαθολική Εκκλησία). Υπάρχουν επίσης πολλά σχολεία οικοτροφεία τα οποία χρεώνουν για την διαμονή σε αυτά αλλά όχι για τις παρεχόμενες εκπαιδευτικές υπηρεσίες.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2GkvmUpBFI/AAAAAAAAAfE/pfCKc1imOsY/s1600-h/IMGP0871.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2GkvmUpBFI/AAAAAAAAAfE/pfCKc1imOsY/s200/IMGP0871.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div style="color: red;"><b>I'm Alex.</b></div><div style="color: red;"><b>I was born on 18th November 1992.</b></div><div style="color: red;"><b>I like football and playing billiards.</b></div><div style="color: red;"><b>I love spaghetti. <br /></b></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Σχολικά έτη</b><br /><br /><b>Περιγραφή:</b><br /><br /><b>3 ετών</b>&nbsp;/ <b><span style="color: blue;">Νηπιαγωγείο</span></b> με διάφορα στάδια ενδιαμέσως<br /><br /><b>6 -&nbsp;11 ετών</b>&nbsp;/ <span style="color: blue;"><b>Δημοτικό σχολείο</b></span> <br /><br /><b>11 - 14 ετών</b>&nbsp;/ <b><span style="color: blue;">Πρώτο επίπεδο Γυμνασίου</span></b> <br /><br /><b><span style="color: black;">14&nbsp; - 16&nbsp;ετών</span></b> / <span style="color: blue;"><b>Προετοιμασία GCSE</b></span> <br /><br /><b>16 ετών 18</b> / <b><span style="color: blue;">Κολλεγιακά έτη</span></b><br /><br /><b>Μαθήματα </b><br />Οι κεντρικές κατευθύνσεις είναι: <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Αγγλικά, Μαθηματικά</b></span> και <span style="color: blue;"><b>Επιστήμες</b></span>. <br />Αποτελούνται από 12 μαθήματα που είναι υποχρεωτικά για όλους τους μαθητές από 5 ετών έως 16.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Από το&nbsp;1998, υπάρχουν 4 τύποι σχολείων στην Αγγλία:</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Community schools</span></b>:&nbsp;Η τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση ελέγχει και κατέχει σχεδόν τα πάντα.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">St Barnabas Church of England Primary School</span></b>, σχολεία ελεγχόμενα από το <b><span style="color: blue;">Oxfordvoluntary</span></b>. Σχεδόν όλα τα σχολεία αυτά είναι Θρησκευτικά. Η τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση προσλαμβάνει το εκπαιδευτικό προσωπικό. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Voluntary aided schools</span></b>, συνδεδεμένα με ποικίλους φιλανθρωπικούς οργανισμούς. <br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Foundation schools</b></span>, ελεγχόμενα από διάφορα ιδρύματα ή φιλανθρωπικούς οργανισμούς. Οι διευθύνσεις αυτών των σχολείων μπορούν να προσλάβουν προσωπικό και να ελέγχουν τις εγγραφέ νέων μαθητών.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">City Technology Colleges and academies</span></b>, αυτά είναι γυμνάσια που ελέγχονται κατευθείαν από το&nbsp;Department for Children, Schools and Families.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Secondary schools:</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">super-selective:</span></b> almost all of the intake from the top 10%. These are the few highly selective grammar schools that dominate school performance tables. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">selective:</span></b> almost all of the intake from the top 25%. These include grammar schools in areas where the Tripartite system survives. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">comprehensive (plus):</span></b> admit children of all abilities, but concentrated in the top 50%. These include partially selective schools and a few high-status faith schools in areas without selection. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">comprehensive</span></b>: intake with an ability distribution matching the population. These schools are most common in rural areas and small towns with no nearby selection, but a few occur in urban areas. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">comprehensive (minus):</span></b> admit children of all abilities, but with few in the top 25%. These include comprehensive schools with nearby selective schools "skimming" the intake. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">secondary modern</span></b>: hardly any of the intake in the top 25%, but an even distribution of the rest. These include non-selective schools in areas where the Tripartite system survives. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">secondary modern (minus):</span></b> no pupils in the top 25% and 10–15% in the next 25%. These schools are most common in urban areas where alternatives of types 1–5 are available. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">sub-secondary modern:</span></b> intake heavily weighted toward the low end of the ability range. <br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Independent schools: </b></span><span style="color: black;">Ανεξάρτητα σχολεία, ιδιωτικά. Δίδακτρα ξεκινούν από 3000 λίρες ετησίως και φτάνουν τις 30000 λίρες. Το 7% περίπου του αγγλικού σχολικού πληθυσμού παρακολουθεί αυτά τα σχολεία.&nbsp;Υπάρχουν υποτροφίες έτσι ώστε καλοί μαθητές αλλά με λίγα οικονομικά μέσα&nbsp;να μπορούν να παρακολουθούν&nbsp;μαθήματα εκεί.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Elective Home Education: </span></b>Οι γονείς έχουν το δικαίωμα να μορφώσουν τα παιδιά τους στο σπίτι όπως αυτοί επιθυμούν. Χιλιάδες οικογένειες ακολουθούν την πολιτική της 'κατ'οίκον διδασκαλίας'. <br />&nbsp; <br /><b><span style="color: red;">Further education and higher education</span></b><br />&nbsp;Μετά το τέλος της υποχρεωτικής εκπαίδευσης οι μαθητές των δημοσίων αλλά και ιδιωτικών σχολείων συμμετέχουν στις εξετάσεις GCSE. Στις ηλικίες 16 - 18 η εκπαίδευση δεν είναι υποχρεωτική.<br /><b><span style="color: red;">Higher education: Universities</span></b> <br /><br />Σχεδόν όλες οι σπουδές σε πανεπιστήμια χρηματοδοτούνται από το κράτος (περίπου 3,225 λίρες ετησίως). Τα χρήματα αυτά επιστρέφονται από τους σπουδαστές μέσω φορολογικών μηχανισμών και αφού υπάρχει η οικονομική επιφάνεια. Στους πολύ οικονομικά ασθενείς&nbsp;σπουδαστές το κράτος πληρώνει όλα τα δίδακτρα.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Bachelor's degree</span></b>: Το πρώτο πτυχίο διαρκεί τρία χρόνια. Πολλά πανεπιστήμια συνδυάζουν το πρώτο πτυχίο με ένα&nbsp;&nbsp;Master's degree, δηλαδή και ένα τέταρτο χρόνο.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Vocationally-based Foundation degree</span></b>:&nbsp; Οι σπουδές αυτές διαρκούν συνήθως δύο χρόνια και οι σπουδάστές δεν εγκαταλείπουν τις εργασίες τους.<br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Postgraduate education:</b></span><span style="color: black;"> <br /></span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Master's degree</span></b> (διαρκεί ένα έτος) <br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Doctorate degree</span></b> (διαρκεί τρία έτη) <br /><br />Οι μεταπτυχιακές σπουδές στην Αγγλία δεν χρηματοδοτούνται αναγκαία από το κράτος.&nbsp;Συνήθως κοστίζουν από 3225 λίρες για τους &nbsp;Άγγλους και από 5000 - 20000 λίρες για τους αλλοδαπούς.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-2465663263416215029?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-42453837760836978272009-10-20T12:15:00.003+03:002010-01-22T13:30:14.534+02:00<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-4245383776083697827?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-21293987184903983302009-09-24T12:16:00.164+03:002010-03-10T19:04:40.501+02:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: magenta; color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white;">**********</span></span><b><br /></b></span></span></div><span style="background-color: lime; color: red; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b></b></span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1l7Dbi3J2I/AAAAAAAAAX0/sRHqMGJXdD4/s1600-h/IMGP0796.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S1l7Dbi3J2I/AAAAAAAAAX0/sRHqMGJXdD4/s200/IMGP0796.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: lime; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>I am Odysseus.</b></span></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: lime; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>I was born on 8th June 1998.</b></span></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: lime; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>I like spaghetti.</b></span></span></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: lime; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>I love football, too !<br /></b></span></span></div><div style="color: black;"><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: lime; color: red; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>1.&nbsp; Present Simple</b></span></span><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">2.&nbsp; Present Continuous</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">3.&nbsp; Simple Past</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">4.&nbsp; Past Continuous</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">5.&nbsp; Future Simple</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">6.&nbsp; Present Perfect Simple</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">7.&nbsp; Present Perfect Continuous</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">8.&nbsp; Past Perfect Simple</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">9.&nbsp; Passive Voice</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">10.Time Words / Adverbs of Frequency</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">11.Stative Verbs</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">12.Comparatives (Double, etc)&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="background-color: magenta; color: red; font-size: large;">_________________________________</span></b><br /><span style="background-color: lime; color: red; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>1.&nbsp; </b></span></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Present Simple - </span><span style="color: blue;">Ενεστώτας απλός</span></b> <br /><b>Περιγράφουμε πράξεις:</b><br /><span style="color: red;">Που γίνονται τακτικά</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Our mother bakes a chocolate cake every Sunday.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Μόνιμες καταστάσεις</span>: <span style="color: blue;">My mum’s eldest brother lives in Australia.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Γενικές αλήθειες</span>: <span style="color: blue;">The sun shines during the day</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">Συνήθειες:</span> <span style="color: blue;">My father always watches football matches with me.</span> <br /><span style="color: red;">Επιστημονικά δεδομένα</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Water freezes at 0 degrees C or 32 F</span>. <br /><span style="color: red;">Δρομολόγια (πλοίων, τρένων, αεροπλάνων κλπ.):</span> <span style="color: blue;">Our plane departs at noon.</span><br /><br /><b>Key Words: </b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">often - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">never</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">sometimes - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">always</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">usually - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">every day</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">occasionally - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">on Saturdays</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">in general - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">normally</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">as a rule - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">at night </span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise</span>. Use the Present Simple<br />1. Mary always ___________________ (wake up) early in the morning.<br />2. My cousins often ____________________(visit) us. They live close to us.<br />3. My friend, Manolis, __________ (be) usually late for school.<br />4. Vegetarians __________________ (not eat) meat. They support animal rights.<br />5. My mother _________________________________(want) a new dishwasher.<br />6. The local supermarket ____________________(not sell) imported things.<br />7. The weather is bad. It ______________________(rain) every day.<br />8. On Saturdays all the neighbourhood children ___________(go) to the sea front. They _____________ (love) fishing.<br />9. ___________ birds ___________ (live) in the desert?<br />10. Alexander, the florist, ___________ (not sell) books. He ______(sell) flowers.<br /><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr </span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta; color: magenta;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">2.&nbsp; Present Continuous</span> (or Present Progressive) - <span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Ε</span></b></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">νεστώτας διαρκείας</span>&nbsp;διαρκείας</span><br /><b>Περιγράφουμε πράξεις</b>:<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Που γίνονται τη στιγμή που μιλάμε</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Look! The taxi is stopping!</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Που γίνονται προσωρινά</span>: <span style="color: blue;">They are staying with us for Christmas.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Προγραμματισμένες να γίνουν στο μέλλον:</span> <span style="color: blue;">Tom is flying to London next week</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">Συνήθειες ή καταστάσεις που είναι ενοχλητικές:</span> <span style="color: blue;">You are always leaving your shoes in the middle of the room!</span><br /><b>Key Words</b>: <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>now - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>at the moment </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>right now - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>listen! </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>at present - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>shsss! </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>this term - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>look!</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>tonight - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>these days</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>today - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>this week </b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise</span>. Use the Present Continuous<br /><br />1. Peter ________________________(play) with his toys at the moment.<br />2. The little girl ___________________________(draw) a funny picture.<br />3. Grandmother ______________________(stay) with us until spring.<br />4. I’m angry with Tom. He ____________________(talk) during the lesson!<br />5. Tonight we _______________(go) to the cinema. There is a good film on.<br />6. Look! The cat ____________________ (chase) a tiny, little house mouse.<br />7. Shsss! Put your voice down! The baby ______________________ (sleep).<br />8. At present my parents ___________________(not think) of going on holiday.<br />9. This term my brother _________________________(do) very well at school.<br />10. Listen! There is a bird in our garden. It _________________________(sing).<br /><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr </span><span style="background-color: magenta;">__________________________________________________</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2BcxCAQOzI/AAAAAAAAAdU/h_1PaKyRMqU/s1600-h/IMGP0858.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2BcxCAQOzI/AAAAAAAAAdU/h_1PaKyRMqU/s200/IMGP0858.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">I'm Rania.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">I was born 20th January 1999.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">I like football.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">I also like Paris Hilton.</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">I love stuffed tomatoes!</span></b></span><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><br /><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: magenta;">_________________________________</span> <br /></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">3.&nbsp; Simple Past - </span><span style="color: blue;">Αόριστος Απλός</span></b></div><br /><b>Περιγράφουμε πράξεις:</b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Που γνωρίζουμε πότε έγιναν</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Mum went to work at 8.00 o’clock in the morning</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">Για να περιγράψουμε πράγματα που κάναμε στο παρελθόν αλλά όχι τώρα</span>: <span style="color: blue;">My sister danced for hours at</span> <span style="color: blue;">parties when she was younger.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Για να περιγράψουμε ιστορίες</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Peter run out of the room and started shouting for help.</span> <br /><br /><b>Key Words</b>: <br /><b><span style="color: blue;">yesterday - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">last year</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">five minutes ago - </span></b><b><span style="color: blue;">the other day</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">in the past </span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span><br />1. The front school door ________________ (close) four minutes ago. <br />2. People of all ages _________________(go) to the rock concert last week.<br />3. Three children _______________ (leave) the party very early last night.<br />4. Mary and her friends _______________(visit) the local zoo the other day.<br />5. Tom’s father _____________ (not go) to work yesterday. It _____(be) a Bank Holiday.<br />6. Last year the Blacks ________________(stay) at home. They ____________ (not go) away to the Greek islands.<br />7. Dad ______________(not watch) the whole DVD last night. He __________(fall) asleep halfway. <br />8. When Caroline was a teenager she __________(hate) mowing the lawn in their front garden.<br />9. ____________ Alex _____________ (go) to church this morning?<br />10. Tania _____________(have) nice presents for Christmas. She liked them all.<br /><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr </span><span style="background-color: magenta;">_________________________________________________</span><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">4.&nbsp; Past Continuous - </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: small;">Αόριστος Διαρκείας</span></b><b></b><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>Περιγράφουμε μια πράξη:</b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">Που συνέβαινε σε μια συγκεκριμένη στιγμή στο παρελθόν:</span> </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">When father fell asleep, the television was still </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">playing</span>.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">Δύο (ή περισσότερες) πράξεις που συνέβαιναν την ίδια στιγμή:</span> </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">The children were playing while mother was talking on the phone.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">Μια ιστορία (το σκηνικό της) στο παρελθόν</span>: </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">When the teacher ended the lesson, the bell was&nbsp;ringing</span><span style="color: black;">. </span><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">Που συνέβαινε και διακόπηκε από μία άλλη:</span> </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">As Nick was speaking, the lights went out.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span><span style="color: black;"><b>Key Words:</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>while - </b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b>as</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>when </b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">1. Pete ____________________(jog) in the park when he suddenly ___________(see) a colourful snake creeping around the bushes. </span><br /><span style="color: black;">2. While I _______________(have) a coffee, my friend, Tom, __________(walk) into the cafeteria.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">3. Dad ____________________(wash) the car while my mum and sister _______________(prepare) lunch.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">4. _______________father _____________(sleep) when you went into the bedroom?</span><br /><span style="color: black;">5. It __________________(snow) when the plane touched down Heathrow airport.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">6. The little boy _______________(ride) his bike when he heard the dog barking.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">7. We _______________(listen) to the teacher when we __________(feel) the earthquake.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">8. ______mum___________(cook) when you entered the kitchen?</span><br /><span style="color: black;">9. The baby _______________(cry) while his mother _______________ (change) him.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">10. What ______the boys_________(do) out in the street at 9.00 in the morning?</span><br /><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr&nbsp; </span><span style="color: black;"> </span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta;">_________________________________________________</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S17Dxr77gfI/AAAAAAAAAbM/AFxbXMg1yow/s1600-h/IMGP0813.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S17Dxr77gfI/AAAAAAAAAbM/AFxbXMg1yow/s200/IMGP0813.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><b>I'm Lefteris.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><b>I was born on 3rd February 1999.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><b>My favourite actor is Ben Stiller.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><b> I love football !! <br /></b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: magenta;">_________________________________________________</span></span> <br /></b></span><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>5.&nbsp; Future Simple -</b> <span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">Απλός μέλλοντας</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><br /><b>Χρησιμοποιείται:</b><br /><span style="color: red;">Για προβλέψεις</span>: <br /><span style="color: blue;">Look at those clouds! It will tip down in a minute!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Στιγμιαίες αποφάσεις</span>: <br /><span style="color: blue;">There’s the doorbell ! I’ll answer it</span>.<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Υποσχέσεις</span>: <br /><span style="color: blue;">Dad will buy you a nice birthday present</span>. <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Απειλές</span>: <br /><span style="color: blue;">Don’t come any nearer or I’ll shoot you!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Προειδοποιήσεις:</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;">If you touch the naked wire, you will be electrocuted!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Όταν ζητούμε από κάποιον να κάνει κάτι για μας:</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">Will you open the window for me, please</span></span><span style="background-color: white;">?</span></span> <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Μετά από</span>:<br />&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;">I hope, I think, I’m sure, </span><span style="color: blue;">I bet, probably, definitely, may be</span>: <span style="color: blue;">I hope my sister will cook for tonight. I need a rest!</span><br /><br /><b>Key Words:</b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">next week - </span><span style="color: blue;">soon</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">in three days - </span><span style="color: blue;">later</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">ιn the future - </span><span style="color: blue;">this evening</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">at the weekend </span><br /><br /></b><span style="color: red;">Exercise</span>.<br />1. Stay there, I __________(open) the door.<br />2. Maybe we __________(stay) in and watch television tonight.<br />3. I don’t think I ___________(buy) that motorbike.<br />4. __________ you _________ (shut) that door, please. There is a draft.<br />5. If you behave yourselves, I ______________(take) you to the cinema.<br />6. If you go near that cake, I _________(be) very angry.<br />7. I bet you _________(lose) this game.<br />8. Wait a minute. I ____________(carry) those boxes.<br />9. One day I __________(become) a millionaire.<br />10. In the future, people __________(live) to be 200 years old.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"></span><br /><span style="color: black;"></span><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: magenta;">__________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: magenta;"></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">6.&nbsp; Present Perfect Simple -</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παρακείμενος απλός</span><br /><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <b>Περιγράφουμε πράξεις:</b><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Που έγιναν (χωρίς αναφορά στο πότε γιατί δεν είναι σημαντικό):</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">I have been to Paris.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Πράξεις που μόλις έγιναν (κι έχουν σχέση με το παρόν):</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">I have just cut my finger. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">It hurts.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Πράξεις</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">που</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">ήδη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">έχουμε</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">κάνει</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">I have already done my homework.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Πράξεις</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">που</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">δεν</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">τέλειωσαν</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">ακόμα</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Mary has read twenty pages so far.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /><br /><b>Time Expressions:</b><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">How long:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">( </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πόσο</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">καιρό</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">) How long have you played football?</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">For:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">για</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">διάρκεια</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">) She has played the piano for two hours.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Since</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">χρονική</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">στιγμή</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">στο</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παρελθόν</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">) Tom has drawn pictures since 9.00 o’clock.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Have been / have gone</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: Mary has gone to work. (</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Δεν</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">έχει</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">γυρίσει</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">ακόμα</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Mary has been to work. (</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Έχει</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">γυρίσει</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Αγγλικός</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παρακείμενος</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">I have played chess for one hour</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">. <br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Ελληνικός</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Ενεστώτας</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παίζω</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">σκάκι</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">επί</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μία</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">ώρα</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /><b>Key Words:</b><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">for - just</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">already - how much</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">how many - since</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">up to now -yet&nbsp;</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Exercise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />1.Mary _______________(play) tennis for two hours.<br />2. I _____________(not see) my grandmother since last Easter.<br />3. __________you __________(be) to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>?<br />4. The children _______________(not be) on a trip for a long time.<br />5. Tom __________________(visit) Salonica before.<br />6. Mum ________________(come) back from the local supermarket.<br />7. Dad ________________ (be) a civil servant for fifteen years.<br />8. ___________ever____________(try) snails?<br />9. The teacher _______already_________(correct) our essays.<br />10. Bob _______never__________(see) the ocean before.&nbsp;</span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">_________________________________________________</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">7.&nbsp; Present Perfect Continuous -&nbsp;</span></b><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παρακείμενος Διαρκείας</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br />Περιγράφουμε πράξεις:<br /><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Άρχισαν στο παρελθόν και συνεχίζονται</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> μέχρι τώρα ή έχουν τελειώσει. </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Mary has been planting trees all</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">weekend.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br />Δεν έχει μεγάλη διαφορά από τον απλό παρακείμενο αλλά, οπωσδήποτε, δίνει έμφαση στη διάρκεια της πράξης. <br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Key Words:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">since - all day</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">all morning - for </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Exercise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.<br />1. they / play / football / all Sunday morning<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. I / send / SMS’s / since / four / o’clock<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. Peter / jog / all afternoon <br />_________________________________________________<br />4. MAD TV station/play/pop music/for many years. <br />_________________________________________________<br /><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">_________________________________________________</span><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">8.&nbsp; Past Perfect Simple - </span></b><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Υπερσυντέλικος</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Απλός</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Περιγράφουμε</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">μια</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">πράξη</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Που</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">συνέβη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">στο</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παρελθόν</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πριν</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">από</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μια</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">άλλη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πράξη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">στο</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παρελθόν</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">):</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Mary had eaten breakfast before</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">I got up.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Η</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πρώτη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πράξη</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">είναι</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> had eaten (past perfect) </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">και</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">η</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">δεύτερη</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> got up (past simple).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Σπάνια</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">συναντούμε</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">τον</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Υπερσυντέλικο</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μόνο</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">του</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">σε</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μια</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">πρόταση</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /><b>KEY WORDS: </b><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">by the time - before</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">when -&nbsp; </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">after - as soon as **</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">because - already</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Exercise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.<br />1. As soon as I ____________________(finish) my project, I _____________ (hand) it in to the teacher.<br />2. Before Jim _______________(buy) his new laptop, he __________________(go) around a lot of shops to compare prices.<br />3. After the boys __________________(repair) their bicycles, they (ride) them around the park.<br />4. We _______________ (visit) our aunt, after we __________________(buy) some flowers.<br />5. By the time we _______________(arrive) at the village, it _______________(start) to rain.<br /></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: lime none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">__________________________________________________</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">9.&nbsp; P A S S I V E&nbsp;&nbsp; V O I C E - </span></b><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παθητική φωνή</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br />Πότε χρησιμοποιούμε Παθητική φωνή;<br />Χρησιμοποιούμε παθητική φωνή όταν το πρόσωπο που κάνει την πράξη είναι άγνωστο ή αδιάφορο για εμάς:<br /></span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">A lot of books are published every day.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Επίσης όταν γνωρίζουμε πως γίνεται κάτι:<br /></span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">Houses are cleaned</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.<br />Πως σχηματίζεται η παθητική φωνή;<br />Σχηματίζουμε</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">την</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παθητική</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">φωνή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> x</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">ρησιμοποιώντας</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">are / is / was / were / be / being / been + </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">παθητική</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">μετοχή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">: </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Simple Present</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">:&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">am / is / are + </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παθητική</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μετοχή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Cars are made in Germany</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Simple Past</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">was / were + </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">παθητική</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">μετοχή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room was painted last year</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Για να μετατρέψουμε μία ενεργητική πρόταση σε παθητική ακολουθούμε την εξής πορεία: <br /><b>Ενεργητική φωνή</b>: </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Peter paints the room every year.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Παίρνουμε το αντικείμενο της πρότασης και το κάνουμε υποκείμενο:<br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Μετά βάζουμε το ρήμα <b>TO BE (am,are,is,was,were)</b> στον κατάλληλο χρόνο:<br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room is</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Ακολουθεί η <b>παθητική μετοχή</b> του ρήματος:<br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room is painted</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> <br />Τώρα βάζουμε το ρήμα της ενεργητικής πρότασης με την πρόθεση </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">by</span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">:<br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room is painted by Peter every year. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Παθητική</span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">φωνή</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The room is painted by Peter every year</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">.<br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Exercise.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Complete. Use is / are / was / were<br /><br />1. Imagine ………..…... written by John Lennon.<br />2. Tea ………….. grown in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <br />3. The offices …………. cleaned every afternoon.<br />4. In the 1700s, clothes …………… made by hand.<br />5. Toys …………….. made at this factory.<br />6. I ………… born in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Greece</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<br />7. The boxes ……………… left outside last night.<br />8. Breakfast ……………….. served between 7.00 and 9.00. <br />9. The red bike ……………being repaired now by the boys.<br />10. Pete’s bedroom ……………….. painted every year.</span><br /><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /><b>Στείλτε τις απαντήσεις: </b><span style="color: red;">abc-nick@otenet.gr <br /></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: magenta;">____________________________________________________</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></span><br /><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>10.&nbsp; Time words / Adverbs of Frequency</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">Συνήθως υπάρχει κάποια μικρή σύγχυση μεταξύ αυτών που λέγονται <span style="color: red;"><b>time words</b></span> (<b>χρονικές λέξεις</b>) ή (<b> adverbs of time</b> -<b> επιρρήματα χρόνου</b>) και <span style="color: red;"><b>adverbs of frequency</b></span> <b>(επιρήματα συχνότητος</b>). Τα <b>adverbs of time</b> απαντούν στην ερώτηση <span style="color: red;"><b>when?</b></span> ή /και <span style="color: red;"><b>πότε</b></span> γίνεται μια πράξη. Τα επιρρήματα συχνότητος δηλώνουν <b><span style="color: red;">πόσο συχνά</span></b> γίνεται μια πράξη. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">Θα δώσω μερικά παραδείγματα για να μπορέσετε να καταλάβετε πως χρησιμοποιούνται σε προτάσεις:</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>πχ.</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">Mary is buying a new dress at a large department store</span> tomorrow <span style="color: black;">(</span></b><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">adverb of time ή time word</span>)</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">We are going to the theatre to see a play </span>next week <span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: blue;">adverb of time ή time word</span>).</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>Tom sometimes (<span style="color: blue;">adverb of frequency</span>) goes fishing early in the morning.</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>The children next door <span style="color: red;">never</span> (<span style="color: blue;">adverb of frequency</span>) stay quiet.</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Time words (adverbs of time)</span> </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>now</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>next week</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>then</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>soon</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>lately</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>afterwards</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>recently</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>eventually </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>before</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>first</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>early</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>tomorrow</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>in three hours</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>later</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>after a month</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>the day after tomorrow</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>all day long</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>the other day</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>suddenly</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>last Sunday</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>in two week's time</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b>next year </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /><span style="color: black;"></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Adverbs of frequency</span> </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">always - </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">never </span></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">ever - </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">sometimes</span></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">usually - </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">often </span></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">occasionally&nbsp;- </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">continually</span></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">repeatedly - </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">once, twice κτλ.</span></b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>constantly - habitually </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>chiefly - predominantly </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>typically - </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>continuously - normally </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>mostly - generally </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>commonly - largely </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>regularly - frequently&nbsp;</b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>sporadically - intermittently </b></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>spasmodically - rarely </b></span><br /><b><span style="color: black;">seldom -</span> </b><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">Τα επιρρήματα συχνότητος τοποθετούνται συνήθως έτσι:</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">1. <span style="color: red;"><b>Μετά </b></span>από το ρήμα <b>to be</b>: <span style="color: blue;"><b>He is always late for class</b>.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">2. <span style="color: red;"><b>Πριν</b></span> από άλλα ρήματα: <span style="color: blue;"><b>Mary sometimes misses breakfast when she's late for school.</b></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">3. <b><span style="color: red;">Μετά</span></b> από βοηθητικά ρήματα όταν η πρόταση έχει πάνω από ένα ρήμα: <span style="color: blue;"><b>Tom has never been ill</b></span>. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">4. Για <b><span style="color: red;">έμφαση</span></b>: (1) <b><span style="color: blue;">Jane should always do her homework with her tutor. She needs help.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">5. Για <b>έμφαση </b>(2): <span style="color: blue;"><b>My mother never forgets our birthdays.</b></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">Οι χρονικές λέξεις συνήθως τοποθετούνται στο τέλος μιας πρότασης ή στην αρχή.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">1. <b><span style="color: blue;">John is flying to New York tomorrow morning.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>2. I'll see you all later.</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: small;"><b>3. The other day (<span style="color: black;">τις προάλλες, πριν από λίγο καιρό</span>), I went past Mary's house.</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">Υπάρχουν, όμως, λέξεις που έχουν διαφορετικό νόημα σε μια πρόταση (ανάλογα με τη θέση που ευρίσκονται).</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">still </span></b>&gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">The children are still playing in the garden. - Still, I never went to visit her.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">immediately</span></b> &gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">He stopped the car engine immediately. - Immediately you leave, we'll turn it off.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">late</span></b> &gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">He turned up very late.</span></b> </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">just</span></b> &gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">Sue has just gone out skating.I had just (only) enough sugar for my coffee.</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">yet</span> </b>&gt; <b><span style="color: blue;">Mum hasn't come back yet. - Yet, I don't blame them for doing that.</span></b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: small;"><b>Σημείωση:</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">"<span style="color: red;"><b>Sometime</b></span>" σημαίνει κάποια (αόριστη) στιγμή στο μέλλον.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">"<span style="color: red;"><b>Some time</b></span>" σημαίνει μία χρονική περίοδος.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">"<span style="color: red;"><b>Sometimes</b></span>" σημαίνει περιστασιακά, που και που.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"> <span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>_________________________________________________</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: small;">For more help please contact: 210 4223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a> </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><b>__________________________________________________</b></span><br /><b><span style="background-color: lime;">_________________________________________________</span></b><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>11.&nbsp; Stative Verbs</b></span><br /><b><span style="background-color: lime;">_________________________________________________</span></b><br /><br /><span style="background-color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;">Τα ρήματα στην Αγγλική καταχωρούνται σε δύο κατηγορίες:</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;">Τα <span style="color: red;"><b>stative</b> </span>και τα <span style="color: red;"><b>dynamic</b></span> ρήματα. Τα <span style="color: blue;"><b>dynamic</b></span> ρήματα περιγράφουν πράξεις που εκτελούμε ή πράγματα που συμβαίνουν. &nbsp;Τα <span style="color: blue;"><b>stative</b></span> ρήματα συνήθως αναφέρονται σε καταστάσεις οι οποίες δεν είναι πιθανόν να αλλάξουν και, κυρίως,&nbsp;δεν σχηματίζουν <span style="color: red;">continuous</span> (<b><span style="color: red;">be + ing</span></b>) χρόνους </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span> </span></span><span style="background-color: lime;"></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">Δεν μπορούμε να πούμε: </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">‘I am not understanding you’ </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">‘He isn’t believing her’</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">‘Mary is remembering Tom’</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">Πρέπει να πούμε:</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">'I don't undestand you'</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">'He doesn't believe her'</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">'Mary remembers Tom'</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">Μερικά stative ρήματα:</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>belong - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>possess</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>fit - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>include</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>contain - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>depend</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>know - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>realise</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>smell - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>deny</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>satisfy - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>sound</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>seem - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>appear</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>agree - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>love</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>like - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>matter</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>see - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>surprise</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>imagine - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>dislike</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>hear - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>mean</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>want - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>impress</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>prefer - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>please</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>mind - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>hate</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>owe - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>taste</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>lack - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>involve</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>deserve - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>have</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>look(=seem) - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>suppose</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>own - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>be</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>need - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>consist</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>feel(=have an opinion) - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>believe</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>concern - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>promise</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>think(=have an opinion) - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>wish</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>weigh(=have weight) - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>remember</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>disagree - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>recognise</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>doubt - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>understand</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>measure(=have length etc) - </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>astonish</b></span><br /><br />Υπάρχουν όμως και μερικά άλλα (<b><span style="color: red;">εξαιρέσεις</span></b>)που σχηματίζουν <b>continuous</b> χρόνους:<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Have trouble</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Have a problem</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Have fun</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Have a good time</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Have dinner (lunch, breakfast, supper, a snack, a treat)</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Look at</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Look into</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Look for</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Think about</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Think of<br /></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">I am having problems with my roof. Every time it rains, it leaks!&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">We were having dinner when you phoned last night.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">_________________________________________________</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 210-4223164 / 6937483473</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a> </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">_________________________________________________</span></b><br /><span style="background-color: lime;">______________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>12.&nbsp; Comparatives (Double etc. )&nbsp;</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: lime;">______________________________________________</span><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Double Comparatives</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The + comparative ........ the + comparative</span></b><br /><br />A. Μερικές φορές χρησιμοποιούμε τα <span style="color: blue;"><b>επαναλαμβανόμενα (διπλά) συγκριτικά</b></span> για να περιγράψουμε πράγματα που μειώνονται ή αυξάνονται. <br />Στην απλή καθημερινή ελληνική λέμε:<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span> <br /><span style="color: red;">Η ρύπανση στις μεγάλες πόλεις <span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="background-color: white;">όλο</span></b> </span>και μειώνεται.</span><br />Pollution in the big cities is getting <b><span style="color: blue;">lower</span></b> and <b><span style="color: blue;">lower</span></b>. (<span style="color: red;">δείχνει μείωση</span>)<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;"><b>Όλο</b></span> και λιγότερα παιδιά εγκαταλείπουν το σχολείο νωρίς.</span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Fewer</span></b> and <b><span style="color: blue;">fewer</span></b> children are leaving school early.(<span style="color: red;">δείχνει μείωση</span>)<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span> <br /><span style="color: red;">Η οδήγηση σε ώρα αιχμής <span style="color: blue;"><b>όλο </b></span>και δυσκολεύει</span>.<br />Driving at rush hour is becoming <b><span style="color: blue;">more </span></b>and <b><span style="color: blue;">more</span></b> difficult. (<span style="color: red;">δείχνει αύξηση</span>)<br /><br />B. Επίσης τα διπλά συγκριτικά περιγράφουν μια διαδικασία όπου η αιτία δημιουργεί αποτέλεσμα. <br />Με απλά λόγια: <br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span> <br /><span style="color: red;">Όσο πιο πολύ μορφώνονται οι άνθρωποι, τόσο λιγότεροι πόλεμοι</span>. <br /><span style="color: blue;">The <b><span style="color: red;">more</span></b> education people get, the <span style="color: red;"><b>less</b></span> wars there will be.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;Όσο πιο καλοί είναι οι γιατροί μας, τόσο πιο πολύ θα ζούμε.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">The <b><span style="color: red;">better </span></b>our doctors are, the <b><span style="color: red;">longer</span></b> we will live.</span><br /><br /><b>Μερικά παραδείγματα: </b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">όλο και πιο πολύ &gt; </span><span style="color: blue;">The more............</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">όλο και πιο ψηλά&gt; </span><span style="color: blue;">The higher................</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">όλο και πιο γρήγορα&gt; </span><span style="color: blue;">The faster................</span></b><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>όσο μεγαλώνεις ... τόσο .....&gt;<span style="color: blue;">The older you get, the ...............</span> </b></span><br /><b><span style="color: red;">&nbsp;όσο κι αν ενδιαφέρεσαι για τα κοινά, τόσο απογοητεύεσαι</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;">The more you are interested in the common</span> </span><span style="color: blue;">good, the more you get disappointed.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">όσο πιο πολλά τραγούδια πει, τόσο ο κόσμος θα περάσει καλά</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;">The more she sings, the happier the</span> </span><span style="color: blue;">people will be.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">όσο πιο πολύ μου μιλάς, τόσο πιο πολύ σε συμπαθώ&gt; </span><span style="color: blue;">the more you talk to me, the more I like you</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Μερικές ακόμα σημειώσεις για τα <span style="color: blue;">comparative</span>s:</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">like:</span> </span></b><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Το</span><b> like</b> <span style="color: black;">ακολουθείται από </span><b><span style="color: red;">ουσιαστικό</span>, <span style="color: red;">αντωνυμία</span> </b><span style="color: black;">ή</span><b> <span style="color: red;">γερούνδιο (ing</span>).&nbsp;</b></span><br /><b><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span></b><br /><span style="color: black;">Some rich people live <span style="color: blue;"><b>like</b></span> <i>princes</i>.</span><br />Little Tom wants to become a fireman, <b><span style="color: blue;">like</span> </b><i>his</i> father.<br />Talking to Mary is <span style="color: blue;"><b>like</b></span> <i>talking</i> to a brick wall.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">as/so .... as:</span></b><br />Τα <b><span style="color: blue;">as .... as</span></b> χρησιμοποιούνται στον θετικό βαθμό με <span style="background-color: white; color: red;">επιρρήματα ή επίθετα</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br />My father's&nbsp;cooking isn't <span style="color: blue;"><b>as good as</b></span> my&nbsp;mother's.<br />Mum rides&nbsp;her motorbike <b><span style="color: blue;">as fast as</span></b> anybody else.<br />The math teacher <b><span style="color: blue;">isn't so</span></b> <b><span style="color: blue;">friendly as</span></b> the P.E. teacher.<br /><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>than:</b></span><br />Το <b><span style="color: blue;">than</span></b> χρησιμοποιείται στον συγκριτικό βαθμό δηλαδή όταν συγκρίνουμε ένα ουσιαστικό με ένα άλλο.<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br />Peter is <b><span style="color: blue;">taller</span></b> <b><span style="color: blue;">than</span></b> John.<br />Mary's house is <b><span style="color: blue;">bigger than</span></b> mine.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ!!<br /></span></b>Στην Ελληνική λέμε: <b>Ο πατέρας μου είναι πιο ψηλός από την μητέρα μου</b>. Η λέξη '<span style="color: red;"><b>από</b></span>' δεν είναι '<b><span style="color: red;">from'</span></b> στην Αγγλική αλλά είναι '<b><span style="color: red;">than</span></b>'.<br />My father is <b><span style="color: red;">taller than</span></b> my mother. <b><span style="color: red;">OXI:</span></b> My father is <span style="color: red;"><b>taller</b></span> '<span style="color: red;">from'</span> my father.<br /><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>in:</b></span><br />Η πρόθεση <b><span style="color: blue;">in</span></b> χρησιμοποιείται όταν κάνουμε μία αναφορά σε ένα τόπο. Ο βαθμός είναι υπερθετικός.<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">Our local cafeteria is the <b><span style="color: blue;">busiest in</span></b> the area.</span><br />'Fast Sail' is the <b><span style="color: blue;">most expensive</span></b> yaght <b><span style="color: blue;">in</span></b> the harbour.<br />Australia is the <b><span style="color: blue;">biggest</span></b> island <b><span style="color: blue;">in</span></b> the world.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">of:</span></b><br />Η πρόθεση <b><span style="color: blue;">of </span></b>χρησιμοποιείται στον υπερθετικό βαθμό επίσης.<br />πχ.<br />Jeremy is the <b><span style="color: blue;">brightest</span></b> student <b><span style="color: blue;">of </span></b>all.<br />Tom's girlfriend is the <b><span style="color: blue;">prettiest of</span></b> all the girls in the party.<br /><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>less:</b></span><br />Το <b><span style="color: red;">less </span></b>ανήκει στην τριάδα: <b><span style="color: red;">little - less - least</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span></b><br /><span style="color: black;">There are thousands of footballers who are <span style="color: blue;"><b>less known than</b></span> Maradona and Pele. (συγκριτικός βαθμός)</span><br />Not having a new car is <b><span style="color: blue;">the least of</span></b> my problems. (υπερθετικός βαθμός)<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">worse:</span></b><br />Το worse ανήκει και αυτό στην τριάδα: <b><span style="color: red;">bad - worse - worst</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">πχ.</span></b><br /><span style="color: black;">John's English is <b><span style="color: blue;">worse than</span></b> mine.</span><br />Paul is the <b><span style="color: blue;">worst</span></b> student <b><span style="color: blue;">in </span></b>class. He never does his homework.<br /><span style="color: red;">_______________________________________________<br /></span><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a></span><br /><span style="color: red;">_______________________________________________<br /></span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-2129398718490398330?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-58935608846132903542009-09-11T10:38:00.000+03:002009-09-11T10:38:22.301+03:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: red; color: red;">_____________________</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ</span></strong></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: red;">_____________________</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><strong>Προστατεύστε τον εαυτό σας και τους γύρω σας</strong></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><strong>ΑΠΟ ΤΗ ΓΡΙΠΗ</strong></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: large;"><strong>Μη διασπείρετε τα μικρόβια</strong></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><strong>Καλύψτε το στόμα και τη μύτη σας, όταν βήχετε ή φταρνίζεστε.</strong></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><strong>Πετάξτε αμέσως το χαρτομάντηλο στο καλάθι των απορριμάτων.</strong></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><strong>Δεν έχετε χαρτομάντηλο; Φταρνιστείτε στον αγκώνα σας και όχι στα χέρια σας.</strong></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><strong>Πλύνετε τα χέρια σας με σαπούνι και νερό ή χρησιμοποιήστε αλκοολούχο αντισηπτικό διάλυμα</strong></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><strong>Μην αγγίζετε τα μάτια, τη μύτη και το στόμα σας.</strong></span></li></ul><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">ΥΠΟΡΓΕΙΟ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ &amp; ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΛΛΗΛΕΓΓΥΗΣ</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΛΗΨΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΜΑΤΩΝ (ΚΕ.ΕΛ.Π.ΝΟ.)</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΑ: 21-5212 054, 210-5222 339</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8743011378039451489-5893560884613290354?l=abcnick.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Νικ. Παπαδόδημαςhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13977089563311846806noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743011378039451489.post-68640829542660126642009-09-09T12:14:00.554+03:002010-02-11T13:31:02.220+02:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Contents / Περιεχόμενα&nbsp;</span></span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;">1.&nbsp; Time Sequence / <span style="font-size: small;">Χρονική σειρά σε μια πρόταση</span></span></span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">2.&nbsp; Used to / Would</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">3.&nbsp; The Idiomatic Past or Unreal past</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">4.&nbsp; The Personal Passive consrtuction</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">5.&nbsp; Conditionals (without 'if')</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">6.&nbsp; Clauses of Purpose</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">7.&nbsp; Participles</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">8.&nbsp; The Perfect Infinitive with special finites</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">9.&nbsp; Clauses of Concession</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">10.&nbsp; Inversion</span></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">11.&nbsp; T</span>he Causative Have</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"></span>12.&nbsp; Gerunds</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">13.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue;"></span>Subordinate Clause Practice</span></b></span><br /><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></span></div><div style="color: blue;"><b> </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: blue; text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16nGwcI1oI/AAAAAAAAAas/LL4hSpyaLec/s1600-h/IMGP0827.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16nGwcI1oI/AAAAAAAAAas/LL4hSpyaLec/s200/IMGP0827.JPG" width="200" /></a></b></div><b style="color: blue;">Bill and Fokion...Both like football!!</b><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">&nbsp;**********</span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>1.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="color: blue;">T</span></span>ime Sequence / <span style="font-size: small;">Χρονική σειρά σε μια πρόταση</span></b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>SEQUENCE &nbsp;IN &nbsp;THE&nbsp; CLAUSES</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">PAST</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>When</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>After</b> John {had eaten }his supper, he went to bed.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>As soon as</b> {ate }</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">PRESENT</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>When</b> </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Αfter</b> John { has eaten } his supper, he goes to bed.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>As soon as</b> { eats }</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">FUTURE</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>When</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>After</b> John { has eaten } his supper, he will go to bed. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>As soon as</b> { eats } </span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Προσοχή!!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Στην Ελληνική λέμε: </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">'Πήγαμε για καφέ και μετά πήγαμε σινεμά'</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Στην Αγγλική λέμε: </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">'We went for a coffee and then (we went)&nbsp;to the cinema'.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">or:<span style="background-color: white;">&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">'We went for a coffee and later to the cinema'</span></span><span style="color: blue;">.</span></span><br /><br />Δεν χρησιμοποιούμε τη λέξη '<span style="color: blue;">after</span>' δηλαδή δεν λέμε: <br />We went for a coffee and <span style="color: blue;">after</span> (we went) to the cinema.<br />Ποτέ '<span style="color: blue;">After'</span> !! <br />Πάντα '<span style="color: blue;">Then </span>ή <span style="color: blue;">'Later'</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Put the verbs in the following sentences into all possible sequences. This will depend on the meaning. Take care in your choice of Simple Perfect Tenses.<br /><br />1. As soon as a burglar (step) through the door, an alarm bell (ring).<br />__________________________________________________ <br />2. When the dog (see) me, it (bark) loudly.<br />__________________________________________________<br />3. When a candidate (finish) his paper, he (give) it in to the examiner.<br />__________________________________________________<br />4. After he (check) everything carefully, he (press) the switch.<br />__________________________________________________<br />5. Visitors (can) remain until the bell (ring).<br />__________________________________________________<br />6. John (not be) allowed to watch TV. until he (do) his homework.<br />__________________________________________________<br />7. As soon as Philip (write) the book, he (send) it to his publisher.<br />__________________________________________________<br />8. When we (reach) the top of the hill, we (take) a rest.<br />__________________________________________________<br />9. Soon after Nancy (divorce) Brian, she (marry) Cecil.<br />__________________________________________________<br />10. It (be) better to wait until the crowd (leave).<br />__________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Repeat the sentences from the previous exercise, in the <span style="color: red;">Future Sequence</span> only, <span style="color: red;">AFTER</span> the introductory clauses given below.<br /><br />1. The bank manager explained that_____________________ <br />________________________________________________<br />2. Tom was afraid that_______________________________<br />________________________________________________<br />3. The teacher explained that__________________________<br />________________________________________________<br />4. The scientist said that______________________________<br />________________________________________________<br />5. The nurse reminded them that _______________________<br />________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Put the verbs in the correct tense.<br /><br />1. The police inspector said that he (phone) me the moment he (have) any news.<br />__________________________________________________<br />2. The lawyer explained that I (not receive) any of my inheritance until I (be) twenty-one years old.<br />__________________________________________________<br />3. I was sure that Harry (pay) me back the money as soon as he (get) his salary.<br />__________________________________________________<br />4. Ken asked me if I (lend) him my bicycle until his own (be) repaired.<br />__________________________________________________<br />5. Mr. Wilde refused to discuss the matter before he (consult) his wife.<br />__________________________________________________<br /><br />__________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span> <br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>2.&nbsp; ‘<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">U</span>SED&nbsp; TO’ &nbsp;and &nbsp;‘WOULD’</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Θέλω εδώ να κάνω μια μικρή τομή στη χρήση της λέξης </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>use</b></span>.</span><br /><span style="color: black;">1.&nbsp; Μπορεί να είναι <span style="color: blue;">Ρήμα</span>:</span><br /><span style="color: red;">eg.</span><br /><b>Mary <span style="color: blue;">uses</span> two spoonfuls of sugar in her coffee.</b><br />Επομένως έχουμε: <span style="color: red;"><b>use - used - used</b></span> (<b>Ομαλό ρήμα</b>)<br /><br />2. Μπορεί να είναι <span style="color: blue;">Ουσιαστικό</span>:<br /><span style="color: red;">eg.</span><br /><b>Tom does all his math problems with the <span style="color: blue;">use </span>of a calculator.<br /></b>Μικρή σημείωση:<br />Ως <span style="color: purple;">Ρήμα </span>η λέξη use προφέρεται: yoo<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>z&nbsp;</b></span><br />Ως <span style="color: purple;">Ουσιαστικό </span>η λέξη use προφέρεται: yoo<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>s</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">3.&nbsp;</span></span><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;">'Used to' </span>&nbsp;<span style="color: red;">ή</span>&nbsp; '<span style="color: blue;">use to' </span>&nbsp;και &nbsp;'<span style="color: blue;">Would</span>'</b></span><br /><br />Η κλασσική χρήση του <span style="color: red;">used to</span> και του <span style="color: red;">would </span>είναι:<br />Τα χρησιμοποιούμε&nbsp;για να αναφερθούμε σε γεγονότα και πράξεις που συνέβαιναν στο παρελθόν&nbsp;και τώρα έχουν σταματήσει. Μια άλλη παράμετρος στη χρήση αυτών των δύο λέξεων είναι: Για <span style="color: red;">γενικές </span>καταστάσεις χρησιμοποιούμε το <b>used to</b>. Για <span style="color: red;">προσωπικές/ειδικές</span> &nbsp;καταστάσεις το&nbsp;<b>would.</b><br /><span style="color: red;">eg.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">We always drank a gin and tonic as the sun went down.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"></span><br /><span style="color: blue;">We would always drink a gin and tonic as the sun went down.<br /></span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">The Romans wrote on wax tablets.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">The Roman used to write on wax tablets.</span><br />&nbsp; <br /><span style="color: red;">Περισσότερα παραδείγματα:</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">When I was young I used to play with my toys. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">When I was young I would play with my toys.</span> <br /><b>Δεν παίζω άλλο πια με τα παιχνίδια μου!!</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">We used to go for long walks&nbsp;in the summer. </span><br /><b>Τώρα πια δεν πάμε για μακρινούς περιπάτους. </b><br /><br />Εάν θέλουμε να δώσουμε έμφαση&nbsp;σε επαναλαμβανόμενες πράξεις ή συνήθειες στο παρελθόν πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το <b><span style="color: red;">used to</span></b> και <b>όχι</b> το <span style="color: red;"><b>would</b></span>: <br /><span style="color: red;">eg.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">My dog used to sleep on the front door mat.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">I used to smoke. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">I used to be a nursing assistant.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">I used to live in Bristol, England. </span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Ερωτηματικός τύπος:</span>Ο ερωτηματικός τύπος είναι:</span></b><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Did you use to</span> play football when you were little?</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Did you use to</span> go out with Mary? </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Did they use to</span> drive away on weekends? </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">Didn't we use to</span> go to play for the same football club?</span><br /><br /><b>Ερωτηματικός τύπος: </b><br /><span style="color: blue;">What make of car&nbsp;did you use to drive when&nbsp;when you were at university?</span><br /><b>Αρνητικός τύπος:</b><br /><span style="color: blue;">I didn't use to play with my toys.</span><br /><br />Αν χρησιμοποιούσα το <b><span style="color: red;">would </span></b>στην άρνηση θα σήμαινε κάτι άλλο:<br />When I was young I <span style="color: red;">wouldn't </span>dance in front of other people. (δεν είχα την διάθεση να χορέψω/ αρνιόμουνα)<br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">be used to something</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">get used to something</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">become used to something</span><br /><b><span style="color: black;">Το <span style="color: red;">used to</span> εδώ είναι επίθετο και χρησιμοποιείται για να δείξει ότι υπάρχει εξοικείωση με πράγματα ή καταστάσεις</span></b><br /><span style="color: red;">eg.</span><br />After a while you <span style="color: red;">get used to</span> the city life.<br />He will <span style="color: red;">become used to</span> the noise from the passing cars.<br />I <span style="color: red;">was used to</span> the farm animals. <br /><span style="color: blue;">I'll never get used to going&nbsp;to work so early in the morning. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">It took John a long time&nbsp;until he was used to driving at night.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write the following sentences first with <span style="color: red;">‘used to’</span> then, if possible, with ‘<span style="color: red;">would’</span>.<br /><br />1. Whenever my father went off to sea, my mother cried for days.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. During his annual speech to the parents, the headmaster always invited donations<br />to the School Building Fund.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. Mary wrote poetry at the University. <br />_________________________________________________<br />4. As children we always said our prayers before getting into bed.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. Whenever grandpa visited us he invariably complained that the young no longer <br />had any respect for the old.<br />_________________________________________________ <br />6. Mr. Brown drank heavily until his doctor forbade him.<br />_________________________________________________<br />7. We always drank a gin and tonic as the sun went down.<br />_________________________________________________<br />8. The Romans wrote on wax tablets.<br />_________________________________________________<br />9. Once a month Dick wrote home to his mother.<br />_________________________________________________<br />10. Philip always counted the change carefully when he paid the bill at a restaurant.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Re-write the following sentences first with <span style="color: red;">‘used to’</span> then, if possible, with ‘<span style="color: red;">would’</span>.<br /><br />1. Whenever my father went off to sea, my mother cried for days.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. During his annual speech to the parents, the headmaster always invited donations<br />to the School Building Fund.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. Mary wrote poetry at the University. <br />_________________________________________________<br />4. As children we always said our prayers before getting into bed.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. Whenever grandpa visited us he invariably complained that the young no longer <br />had any respect for the old.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br />__________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span> <br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16oOM7X4BI/AAAAAAAAAa0/nStS101r6zM/s1600-h/IMGP0831.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16oOM7X4BI/AAAAAAAAAa0/nStS101r6zM/s400/IMGP0831.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>3.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">T</span>HE IDIOMATIC PAST (Unreal Past)</b></span><br /><br />Στην Αγγλική, μερικές φορές, χρησιμοποιούμε&nbsp;τον αόριστο χρόνο&nbsp; για να αναφερθούμε σε μία " <span style="color: red;">φανταστική </span>" κατάσταση. Έτσι λοιπόν ενώ μιλάμε για το παρόν, ο χρόνος είναι στο παρελθόν, όπως στο β' υποθετικό λόγο.<br /><span style="color: red;">πχ.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">If&nbsp;my husband fell ill, I don’t know how I would manage.</span><br />Αν και το <span style="color: red;">fell </span><span style="color: black;">είναι</span> στον <span style="color: red;">αόριστο </span>χρόνο εμείς αναφερόμαστε στο <span style="color: red;">παρόν!</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Αυτό στην Αγγλική γραμματική λέγεται <span style="color: red;">The idiomatic past&nbsp;ή Unreal past.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Αυτή η κατασκευή εφαρμόζεται σε εκφράσεις όπως: <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>if, supposing, suppose, what if, if only</b></span>. Επίσης μετά το ρήμα </span><span style="color: blue;"><b>wish</b> <span style="color: black;">και μετά την εκφραση</span> <b>I'd rather.</b></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: black;">Μερικά παραδείγματα:</span></b></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;">1.&nbsp; I don’t like aeroplanes. I’d rather travel by car.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">(Εδώ θέλω να δώσετε ιδιαίτερη προσοχή σε αυτές τις κατασκευές:</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">I'd rather go home alone.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">I'd rather had gone home alone.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">I'd rather you ate out.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">I'd rather you had eaten out.)</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;"></span>&nbsp;</span></span>1. It’s high time these students (learn) their irregular verbs.<br /><span style="color: blue;"></span><br /><span style="color: red;">2.&nbsp; Suppose the police had come along, what would you have done then? </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(Το <span style="color: red;">suppose</span> εδώ ακολουθείται από <span style="color: red;">Past Perfect</span> γιατί ήδη δημιουργήσαμε μία ερώτηση υποθετική στο παρελθόν.)</span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"></span><br /><span style="color: blue;">3.&nbsp; If only I owned a fast sports car. (Δεν έχω όμως ένα σπορ αυτοκίνητο)</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">4.&nbsp; Mary wishes she were fair haired. </span><br /><span style="color: black;">(Χρησιμοποιούμε το wish για καταστάσεις στο παρόν όταν&nbsp;δεν είμαστε ευχαριστημένοι).</span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">5.&nbsp; I wish I hadn't bought that garden table. It's too small.</span> </span><br /><span style="color: black;">(Χρησιμοποιούμε το wish για καταστάσεις στο παρελθόν όταν δεν είμαστε ικανοποιημένοι ή έχουμε μετανοιώσει για κάτι).</span><br /><span style="color: red;">Σημείωση</span>: Όταν θέλουμε να μιλήσουμε για καταστάσεις όπου κάποιος μας δυσαρεστεί και θα θέλαμε να αλλάξει στάση χρησιμοποιούμε το <span style="color: blue;"><b>would+infinitive</b></span>.<br />πχ.<br /><span style="color: blue;">I wish you <b><span style="color: red;">would</span> </b>stop making that noise.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>It's (high) time</b></span>...</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Αυτή η έκφραση επίσης ακολουθείται από</span> <b>unreal past</b>.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">It's (high) time we left. (Είναι ώρα να φύγουμε)</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span><br /><br />________________________________________________<br />2. Tom wishes he (study) harder. He can’t even understand the questions.<br />________________________________________________<br />3. Oh, children, I’m tired of making your beds. I wish you (make) your own.<br />________________________________________________<br />4. Supposing you (have) a flat tyre, what would you do?<br />________________________________________________<br />5. I’d rather she (come) last week. I’m very busy this week. <br />________________________________________________<br /><br />__________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164</span><span style="color: red;"> / 6937483473</span> <br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>4.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">T</span>he Personal Passive construction</b></span><br /><br /><br />a.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue;">THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTION</span><br /><b>e.g. </b><br /><span style="color: red;">It is said that Mr. Jackson stole the money.</span><br /><br />b.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue;">THE PERSONAL CONSTRUCTION</span><br /><b>e.g.</b> <br /><span style="color: red;">Mr. Jackson is said to have stolen the money.</span><br /><br /><b>Note and learn these corresponding forms:</b><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom cheats -- Tom is said to cheat</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom is cheating -- Tom is said to be cheating</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom cheated -- Tom is said to have cheated</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom has stolen -- Tom is said to have stolen</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom has been stealing. -- Tom is said to have been stealing</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom had stolen -- Tom is said to have stolen </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">They say that Tom will steal -- Tom is said to be going to steal</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write these sentences, using the Personal Passive Construction.<br />1. People think that this dog is dangerous.<br />______________________________________________<br />2. They believe the old lady is insane.<br />______________________________________________<br />3. Everybody knows that the water in the river is contaminated.<br />______________________________________________<br />4. People believe that Kennedy avoided a third world war.<br />______________________________________________<br />5. Customers find that the new model is well-designed and economical to run.<br />______________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write using the Personal Passive. <br />1. Many scientists believe that the universe is expanding.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. They say that French wine is the best. <br />_________________________________________________<br />3. Some people consider that the Russians have more dangerous weapons than the <br />Americans.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. Doctors claim that penicillin saved millions of lives in the last war.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. The newspapers say that the price of gold is going up again.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Put into the Passive Voice using the Personal Construction.<br />1. People say that money is not everything.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. The police suspect that John Gibbs stole the money.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. They think that Dr. Brown is the best doctor in the town.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. Everybody knows that smoking causes cancer.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. The newspapers reported that President Kennedy had been assassinated.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br />_________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span> <br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2CSAuZHGcI/AAAAAAAAAek/Bx-HacmpaRo/s1600-h/IMGP0867.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S2CSAuZHGcI/AAAAAAAAAek/Bx-HacmpaRo/s200/IMGP0867.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="color: blue;"><b>I am Fotini.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I was born on 19th June 1994.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I love basketball.</b></div><div style="color: blue;"><b>I also like salads!<br /></b></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>5.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">C</span>ONDITIONALS ( <span style="font-size: small;">WITHOUT ‘IF’</span>)&nbsp;</b></span><br /><br />Όπως, ήδη γνωρίζετε, έχουμε αναλύσει, στο Grammar 1,&nbsp;τους τρεις βασικούς υποθετικούς λόγους στους οποίους το μόριο <span style="color: red;"><b>IF</b></span> είναι βασικό στοιχείο. Βέβαια, υπάρχουν και άλλοι σύνδεσμοι και φράσεις όπως:<br /><b><span style="color: red;">only if, unless, even though, even if, whether or not, providing/provided that, on condition that, as long as, <span style="color: black;">και</span> on the understanding that </span></b>που εισάγουν υποθετικές προτάσεις. <br /><br />Συνήθως, όμως, η πλειοψηφία των υποθετικών προτάσεων, στα επίπεδα <span style="color: blue;"><b>Β2</b></span> και <span style="color: blue;"><b>C2</b></span>, σχηματίζεται&nbsp;με το <span style="color: red;"><b>IF</b></span>.<br />Αναφέρω μερικά παραδείγματα: <br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">If</span></b> Mary <span style="color: red;"><b>comes,</b></span> we <span style="color: red;"><b>will go</b></span> for a walk in the park.&nbsp; (<span style="color: blue;"><b>1ος τύπος</b></span>, εκφράζει <span style="color: blue;"><b>πιθανότητα</b> <span style="color: black;">για το</span> <b>παρόν/μέλλον</b></span>)<br /><b><span style="color: red;">If </span></b>Mary <b><span style="color: red;">came</span></b>, we <span style="color: red;"><b>would go</b></span> for a walk in the park. (<b><span style="color: blue;">2ος τύπος</span></b>, εκφράζει <b><span style="color: blue;">φανταστική υπόθεση</span></b> για το <b><span style="color: blue;">παρόν/μέλλον</span></b>.<br /><b><span style="color: red;">If </span></b>Mary <b><span style="color: red;">had come</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">would have gone</span></b> for a walk in the park. (<b><span style="color: blue;">3ος τύπος</span></b>, εκφράζει <b><span style="color: blue;">φανταστική</span></b> <b><span style="color: blue;">υπόθεση </span></b>για το <b><span style="color: blue;">παρελθόν</span></b>)<br />Όμως υπάρχουν και άλλοι υποθετικοί λόγοι <span style="color: red;"><b>χωρίς </b></span>το <b><span style="color: red;">IF</span></b>.<br /><br />Να προσέξετε, ιδιαίτερα, τις αντιστοιχίες των υποθετικών λόγων <span style="color: red;"><b>με</b></span> <b><span style="color: red;">IF</span></b> και <b><span style="color: red;">χωρίς</span></b> <b><span style="color: red;">IF</span></b>.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">If</span></b> it <b><span style="color: red;">rains</span></b>, we <span style="color: red;"><b>will not go</b></span> out. -------- <b><span style="color: red;">Should</span> </b>it <b><span style="color: red;">rain</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">will</span></b> go out.&nbsp;(<b><span style="color: red;">1ος</span></b> τύπος, εκφράζει <span style="color: blue;"><b>πιθανότητα </b><span style="color: black;">στο</span><b> παρόν/μέλλον.</b></span>)<br /><b><span style="color: red;">If </span></b>it <b><span style="color: red;">rained</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">would not go</span></b> out. -------- <b><span style="color: red;">Were to</span></b> <b><span style="color: red;">rain</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">would </span></b>not go out. (<span style="color: red;">2ος</span> τύπος, εκφράζει <b><span style="color: blue;">φανταστική υπόθεση</span></b> στο <span style="color: blue;">παρόν/μέλλον</span>.)<br /><b><span style="color: red;">If</span></b> it <b><span style="color: red;">had rained</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">would have gone</span></b> out. -------- <b><span style="color: red;">Had it rained</span></b>, we <b><span style="color: red;">would have gone</span></b> out. (<span style="color: red;"><b>3ος</b></span> τύπος, εκφράζει <span style="color: blue;">φανταστική πιθανότητα</span> στο <span style="color: blue;">παρελθόν</span>.)<br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Συμπέρασμα</b></span>: </span><br /><span style="color: red;">Οι λέξεις <b><span style="color: blue;">Should </span></b>/ <b><span style="color: blue;">Were to</span></b> / και ο υπερσυντέλικος <b><span style="color: blue;">αντεστραμμένος</span></b> δηλ. στην <b><span style="color: blue;">ερωτηματική</span></b> του μορφή είναι χαρακτηριστικά κομάτια των τριών&nbsp;υποθετικών&nbsp;λόγων χωρίς IF.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Μερικά ακόμα παραδείγματα</b></span>:</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: black;">Should </span></b>Tom <b><span style="color: black;">pass</span></b> his driving test, his mother <b><span style="color: black;">will be</span></b> very happy.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: black;">Were</span></b> Tom <b><span style="color: black;">to pass</span></b> his driving test, his mother <b><span style="color: black;">would be</span></b> very happy.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: black;">Had </span></b>Tom <b><span style="color: black;">passed</span></b> his driving test, his mother <b><span style="color: black;">would have been</span></b> very happy.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Εxercise.</span> <br />Form these conditions in all three types without IF.<br /><br />1. If anyone (call), I (pretend) to be out.<br />_______________________________________________<br />2. If a storm (blow) up, we (be) in trouble.<br />_______________________________________________<br />3. If they (raise) the price, we (not be able) to afford it.<br />_______________________________________________<br />4. If I (meet) any problems, I (ask) your advice.<br />_______________________________________________<br />5. If it (rain), we (get) soaked.<br />_______________________________________________<br /><br />________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16_XAOSJkI/AAAAAAAAAa8/UoZWT1tNKco/s1600-h/IMGP0823.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZqJSGKyF7Jw/S16_XAOSJkI/AAAAAAAAAa8/UoZWT1tNKco/s640/IMGP0823.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amaryllis .. Marianthy .. Anastasia</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="color: blue;">Always happy!!</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">6. <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">C</span>lauses of Purpose</span></b><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">CLAUSES OF PURPOSE</span><br /><br />Στην Ελληνική για να εκφράσουμε <span style="color: blue;"><b>σκοπό</b> </span>χρησιμοποιούμε τις λέξεις <span style="color: red;"><b>για να</b></span> πχ. <br /><b>Η Μαρία πήγε στον κινηματογράφο <span style="color: red;">για να</span> δει ένα νέο έργο.</b><br /><b>Τα παιδιά πήγαν στο πάρκο <span style="color: red;">για να</span> παίξουν μπάλα.</b><br />Στην Αγγλική θα λέγαμε<b>:</b><br /><b>Mary went to the cinema <span style="color: red;">to see</span> a new film.</b><br /><b>The children went to the park <span style="color: red;">to play</span> football.</b><br />Εδώ πρέπει να κάνουμε μια μικρή ανάλυση. Και στις δύο προτάσεις το υποκείμενο των ρημάτων είναι το ίδιο δηλαδή στην: <br />α. πρόταση η Mary είναι υποκείμενο του ρήματος <span style="color: red;">went </span>και του ρήματος <span style="color: red;">see</span>.<br /><b>Με απλά λόγια:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b><br />-Ποιος&nbsp;πήγε στον κινηματογράφο;<br />-H Mary<br />-Ποιος είδε το έργο;<br />-Η Mary<br />Έχουμε, λοιπόν, το ίδιο υποκείμενο. Αυτό το ονομάζουμε <span style="color: red;">τ</span><b><span style="color: red;">αυτοπροσωπία</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></b><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>Και πάλι:</b></span><br />στην β. πρόταση τα παιδιά είναι υποκείμενο του ρήματος <span style="color: red;"><b>went</b></span> και του ρήματος <b><span style="color: red;">play</span></b>.<br /><span style="color: black;"><b>Με απλά λόγια</b>:</span><br /><span style="color: black;">-Ποιος πήγε στο πάρκο;</span><br /><span style="color: black;">-Τα παιδιά</span><br /><span style="color: black;">-Ποιος έπαιξε;</span><br /><span style="color: black;">-Τα παιδιά</span><br />Όπως είναι φυσικό και εδώ έχουμε <span style="color: red;"><b>ταυτοπροσωπία</b></span>.<br />Τώρα θα εξετάσουμε τι συμβαίνει όταν τα (τουλάχιστον) δυο ρήματα της πρότασης έχουν διαφορετικά υποκείμενα πχ.<br />Ο δημοτικός αστυνομικός σταμάτησε την κυκλοφορία των αυτοκινήτων <span style="color: red;"><b>για να</b></span> περάσουν τα παιδιά με ασφάλεια τον δρόμο.<br /><span style="color: blue;">The traffic warden</span> stopped the traffic <b><span style="color: red;">so that</span></b> <span style="color: blue;">the school children</span>&nbsp; could cross the road safely.<br /><b>Εδώ τα δύο ρήματα έχουν διαφορετικό υποκείμενο: </b><br />-Ποιος σταμάτησε την κυκλοφορία;<br />-Ο traffic warden<br />-Ποιος πέρασε τον δρόμο;<br />-The school children<br />Αυτό το ονομάζουμε <span style="color: red;"><b>ετεροπροσωπία</b></span>.<br /><br />Επομένως στην Αγγλική για να εκφράσουμε σκοπό χρησιμοποιούμε ή απαρέμφατο (που εισάγεται με τις λέξεις <span style="color: red;"><b>in order to, so as to, to</b></span>) ή μία δευτερεύουσα πρόταση εισαγόμενη συνήθως με τις λέξεις <span style="color: red;"><b>so that</b></span> και <span style="color: blue;"><b>may, will, can</b></span> όταν το κύριο ρήμα είναι στον ενεστώτα ή μέλλοντα και <b><span style="color: blue;">might, would, could</span></b> όταν το κύριο&nbsp;ρήμα είναι στον αόριστο.<br /><br />Μερικά ακόμα παραδείγματα:<br /><b>Ίδιο υποκείμενο:</b><br />Tom studied hard .... <b><span style="color: red;">in order to</span></b> .... pass the exam. <br />Tom studied hard .... <b><span style="color: red;">so as to</span></b> .... pass the exam. <br />Tom studied hard .... <b><span style="color: red;">to</span></b> .... pass the exam.<br />Ο αρνητικός τύπος είναι:&nbsp;&nbsp;.... <span style="color: red;"><b>in order not to</b></span> .... pass the exam. <br /><b>Διαφορετικό υποκείμενο:</b><br />Ken bent down. He wanted his small daughter to climb on his back.<br />Ken bent down <b><span style="color: red;">so that</span></b> his small daughter <b><span style="color: red;">could </span></b>climb on his back. <br />Σε μερικές περιπτώσεις ένα απαρέμφατο μπορεί επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθεί όταν το υποκείμενο είναι διαφορετικό.<br />He put some milk in a saucer.<br />He wanted the cat to drink it.<br /><b><span style="color: red;">γίνεται</span></b><br />He put some milk in a saucer <span style="color: red;"><b>for</b></span> the cat <span style="color: red;"><b>to</b></span> drink.<br /><br />Exercise. <br />Join these sentences using an <span style="color: red;"><b>Infinitive </b></span>or <b><span style="color: red;">Clause of Purpose</span></b>.<br />1. Robert is studying hard. He wants to go to university.<br />________________________________________________<br />2. She rocked the baby’s cot. She wanted the baby to go to sleep.<br />________________________________________________<br />3. I have bought a net. I want to catch some shrimps.<br />________________________________________________<br />4. She puts pepper in the soup. She wants it to taste nicer.<br />________________________________________________<br />5. Dad has gone into the garden. He wants to mow the lawn.<br />________________________________________________<br /><br />__________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>7.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">P</span>articiples</b></span><br /><br />Ένα ρήμα έχει τέσσερις μετοχές.<br /><br /><b>ACTIVE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">PRESENT:</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="color: red;">playing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">PERFECT</span>:&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="color: red;">having played</span><br /><br /><b><span style="color: black;">PASSIVE:</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><br /><span style="color: blue;">PRESENT:</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"> being played</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">PERFECT:</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: red;">having been played</span><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><b><span style="color: red;">TYPE 1. SUBJECT 1 = SUBJECT 2</span></b><br /><br />Μία μετοχή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για να αντικαταστήσει μία <span style="color: red;"><b>αιτιολογική </b></span>ή <span style="color: red;"><b>χρονική</b></span> πρόταση <b>μόνο</b> όταν το υποκείμενο&nbsp;του κυρίου ρήματος και το υποκείμενο της δευτερεύουσας πρότασης είναι το ίδιο.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;">Tom</span> <span style="color: red;">(S1</span>) <span style="color: blue;">felt ill. He</span> <span style="color: red;">(S2</span>) <span style="color: blue;">went to see his doctor</span>.<br /><b>μπορεί να ξαναγραφτεί</b><br /><span style="color: blue;">Feeling ill, Tom went to see his doctor.</span> <b><span style="color: red;">REASON</span></b><br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;">Tom</span> <span style="color: red;">(S1)</span> <span style="color: blue;">took the medicine</span>. <span style="color: red;">He</span> <span style="color: blue;">felt much better.</span><br /><b>μπορεί να ξαναγραφτεί</b><br /><span style="color: blue;">Having taken the medicine, Tom felt much better</span>. <span style="color: red;"><b>TIME</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">or</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">After having taken .......</span><br /><span style="color: blue;">After taking ......</span><br />Σημειώστε τη χρονική διαφορά μεταξύ μιας συμπληρωμένης πράξης και μιας τρέχουσας ή σχεδόν ταυτόχρονης πράξης.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">Taking quick aim, Tom pulled the trigger. but </span><br /><span style="color: blue;">Having taken careful aim, Tom gently pressed the trigger.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Connect the following sentences by using a Participle Construction.<br /><br />1. I was going home. I met Jim<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. I arrived at the station. I found Andrew waiting.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. She was looking for her book. She found an old photograph of yours.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. As I was signing the contract, I noticed there was a mistake in it.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. While she was waiting for her date, she made a new acquaintance.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">TYPE 2. OBJECT 1 = SUBJECT 2</span></b><br /><br />Εάν το υποκείμενο της δευτερεύουσας πρότασης (ή πρώτης ρότασης) και το υποκείμενο&nbsp;της κύριας πρότασης&nbsp;(ή δεύτερης πρότασης) είναι το ίδιο, τότε μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε μία μετοχή αφού πρώτα μετατρέψουμε το προηγούμενο&nbsp;στην παθητική φωνή.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>The policeman told the old lady <span style="color: red;">(O)</span> of her son’s death. She <span style="color: red;">(S)</span> fainted.</b></span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The old lady was told of her son’s death by the policeman. She fainted.</span></b><br />Εδώ τώρα έχουμε <span style="color: blue;">Υποκείμενο 1</span> <span style="color: red;">= </span><span style="color: blue;">Υποκείμενο 2<br /></span><br /><span style="color: blue;">Having been told of her son’s death by the policeman, the old lady fainted.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">or</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>On being told of her son’s death by the policeman, the old ............... .</b></span><br /><br />Η πρόθεση&nbsp;<b><span style="color: red;">on</span></b> σε συνεργασία με ενεργητική μετοχή μας δίνει το <b><span style="color: red;">as soon as </span></b>(μόλις) <br /><span style="color: red;">δηλαδή</span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">On - Present Participle</span> <span style="color: red;">= </span><span style="color: blue;">As soon as</span> </b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Re-write or join these pairs of sentences using the Passive Participle as above.<br /><br />1. The policeman showed Mrs. Halliday the blood-stained coat. She gave a cry of horror.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. As soon as my father gave me my pocket money, I rushed out to buy a kite.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. When the police arrested Finlay, he at once confessed to the crime.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. After Jim had repaired the bicycle, it was as good as new.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. His parents promised him a holiday in England, so Leslie worked much harder.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>TYPE 3. The ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTION</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><b>Οπου δεν υπάρχει αντιστοιχία μεταξύ του υποκειμένου ή αντικειμένου της δευτερεύουσας (ή πρώτης) πρότασης και το υποκείμενο της&nbsp;κύριας&nbsp;&nbsp;(ή δεύτερης) πρότασης, τότε η χρήση&nbsp;μιας μετοχής είναι ακόμα πιθανή, με την προυπόθεση ότι θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε το&nbsp;</b><span style="color: red;">Absolute </span><span style="color: red;">Construction </span>( <span style="color: blue;">απόλυτος γενική</span>).</span><br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>As the weather was awful, we canceled our outing.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">γίνεται</span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The weather being awful, we canceled our outing</span>.</b><br />Σημείωση: <br />Να προσέξετε τη σειρά των λέξεων εδώ - η ρηματική μετοχή ποτέ δεν προηγείται του&nbsp; Absolute Construction, αλλά ακολουθείται ακριβώς&nbsp;η ίδια&nbsp;σειρά λέξεων όπως και στην αρχική πρόταση.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>There was no reply, so I assumed they were out.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">becomes </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>There being no reply, I assumed they were out.</b></span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Re-write using the Absolute Construction.<br /><br />1. The bus crews were on strike, so we had to walk to work.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. There was no time to lose, so I booked a seat on the first plane to Zurich. <br />_________________________________________________<br />3. As the weather had improved, we did not need our umbrellas.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. The hotel bed was much softer than my own and I found it difficult to sleep.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. It was a Bank Holiday and the roads were absolutely choked with traffic.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><span style="background-color: yellow;">_</span><br /><b><span style="color: red;">TYPE 4. RELATIVE PARTICIPLES</span></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">Ο</span>ι μετοχές μπορούν επίσης να αντικαθιστούν συγκεκριμένες αναφορικές προτάσεις.<br /><br />a. <span style="color: blue;"><b>Defining Relative Clauses.</b></span><br />Εάν το ρήμα της Αναφορικής πρότασης είναι παθητικό ή αμετάβατο σε χρόνο διαρκείας τότε μπορούμε να<br /><br />1. <span style="background-color: white; color: red;">αφαιρέσουμε την αναφορική αντωνυμία</span><br />2. <span style="color: red;">αφαιρέσουμε το/τα βοηθητικό/ά ρήμα/τα</span> <br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;">The man who was knocked down by a bus in University Street yesterday morning died in hospital last night</span>.<br /><span style="color: black;">μπορεί να ξαναγραφτεί</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>The man knocked down by a bus in University Street yesterday morning died in hospital last night.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;">An operation which lasts four hours leaves the surgeon physically exhausted.</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">An operation lasting four hours leaves the surgeon physically exhausted</span>.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The government introduced a new law which increased the penalties for traffic offences.</span></b><br />μπορεί να ξαναγραφτεί<br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>The government introduced a new law increasing the penalties for traffic offences.</b> </span><br /><br />b. <b><span style="color: blue;">Non-defining Relative Clauses</span></b>.<br /><br />Εδώ η διαδικασία είναι ακριβώς η ίδια όπως η προηγούμενη εκτός από εκείνη όπου το υπόλοιπο της αναφορικής πρότασης μεταφέρεται στην αρχή της πρότασης.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Our village church, which was built in the 15th century, is still in remarkably good condition.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">γίνεται</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Built in the 15th century, our village church is still in remarkably good condition.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;">e.g. </span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Prince Charles’s tour of the Far East, which lasted one month, was the longest he has undertaken so far.</b></span><br /><span style="color: red;">γίνεται</span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Lasting one month, Prince Charles’s tour of the Far East was the longest he has undertaken so far.</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Replace the following Relative Clauses with Participle Constructions. <br /><br />1. The bridge which has been built across the estuary cut miles off our journey.<br />___________________________________________________<br />2. The Firth Of Forth Railway Bridge, which measures almost two miles from end to<br />end, requires three years to paint.<br />___________________________________________________<br />3. The medicine which was prescribed by the specialist in London soon cured my <br />friend’s ulcer.<br />___________________________________________________<br />4. The five Indians who were caught entering the country illegally last week were <br />yesterday sent back to their country.<br />___________________________________________________<br />5. Miss Irene Scliva, who was elected Miss Greece ‘95 at last night’s Beauty Contest<br />at the Hilton Hotel, will represent Greece in the Miss World Contest next month.<br />___________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write using a Participle Construction.<br />1. I felt very tired so I went to bed early.<br />________________________________________________<br />2. There was no hope of finding the children in the dark, so the search was called off.<br />________________________________________________<br />3. As soon as he was told about the enemy attack, the Prime Minister called a Cabinet meeting.<br />________________________________________________ <br />4. After he had discovered the cause of the trouble, the mechanic put it right and the<br />engine started at once.<br />________________________________________________ <br />5. He considered the various possibilities and finally decided to spend his holidays<br />in Bulgaria.<br />________________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Re-write the following subordinate clauses using Participles.<br />1. As soon as John opened the safe, he saw the plans were missing.<br />_______________________________________________<br />2. After the officer had given them their orders, the soldiers set off.<br />_______________________________________________<br />3. Because the pond was frozen, the ducks had nowhere to swim.<br />_______________________________________________<br />4. Because I had spent all my pocket money, I could not go to the cinema.<br />_______________________________________________<br />5. While I was making toast, I burned my finger.<br />_______________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise. </span><br />Re-write using a Participle Construction.<br />1. Mrs. Brown washed the clothes and then hung them out to dry.<br />_______________________________________________<br />2. Tom bought his ticket and then waited for the train to come.<br />_______________________________________________<br />3. There were no empty seats on the train so he had to stand.<br />_______________________________________________<br />4. When he reached the top of the hill, Dick stopped to enjoy the view.<br />_______________________________________________<br />5. As I had not had any breakfast, I soon began to feel hungry.<br />_______________________________________________<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>8. <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">T</span>he Perfect Infinitive with Special Finites</b></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Τ</b></span>ο&nbsp;τετελεσμένο&nbsp;απαρέμφατο (&nbsp;<span style="color: red;">Perfect Infinitive</span>) έχει και απλό (<span style="color: red;">Simple) </span>και διαρκείας (<span style="color: red;">Continuous) </span>τύπο.<br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Simple</span> &gt; <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">to have played</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Continuous</span> &gt; <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">to have been playing</span></b><br /><br />Χρησιμοποιείται πολύ συχνά με τις πεπερασμένες λέξεις&nbsp;(μένουν ίδιες)&nbsp;<span style="color: blue;"><b>MUST, CAN’T, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD OUGHT</b></span> <span style="color: blue;"><b>TO</b></span>, και <span style="color: blue;"><b>NEEDN’T</b></span> για να εκφράσει χρήσιμες ιδιοματικές ιδέες, σε σχέση με το παρελθόν.<br />1. <b><span style="color: blue;">MUST</span></b> = I am sure that - Logical Positive Conclusion<br />e.g. <br />He must have been mad. ( I am sure that he was mad.)<br /><b>Στην ελληνική λέμε</b>: <b style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Πρέπει να ήταν</span> τρελός ο φίλος μου για να κάνει τέτοιο πράγμα.</b><br /><b>Στην αγγλική</b>: <b style="color: red;">My friend </b><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">must have been </span></b></span><b style="color: red;">mad to do a thing like that.</b><br /><br />2. <b><span style="color: blue;">CAN’T</span> </b>= <b>I am sure that (not)</b> - Logical Negative Conclusion<br />e.g. <br />He can’t have been drunk. ( I am sure that he wasn’t drunk )<br />3.<b> <span style="color: blue;">COULDN’T</span></b> = <b>I am sure that (not)</b> - Logical Negative Conclusion<br />e.g. <br />He couldn’t have overheard us. I am sure he didn’t hear us. It was impossible for him to overhear us.<br /><b>Στην ελληνική λέμε: </b><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Αποκλείεται να με είδες</span> στο νησί. Ήμουνα στην Αθήνα</b>.</span><br /><b>Στην αγγλική λέμε</b>: <b style="color: red;">You <span style="font-size: large;">can't (couldn't) have seen </span>me on the island. I was in Athens</b><span style="color: red;">.&nbsp; </span><br /><br />4. <span style="color: blue;"><b>COULD</b> </span>= <b>It was possible but didn’t happen</b><br />e.g. <br /><span style="color: blue;">He could have killed himself</span> (<span style="color: red;">It was possible for him to kill himself but he didn’t)</span><br /><b>Στην ελληνική λέμε</b>: Θα μπορούσε να (να είχε <b>γινει </b>κάτι....<b>κάνει</b> κάτι κτλ. αλλά .. <b>ΑΠΛΑ </b>..δεν έγινε...<br />σε αντιδιαστολή με το <b>MIGHT</b> που <b>ΕΥΤΥΧΩΣ </b>δεν έγινε.. εξηγώ πιο κάτω γι αυτό)<br />Παράδειγμα: <b style="color: blue;">Mary could have become a brilliant ballet dancer.</b> (<b>αλλά, απλά, δεν έγινε</b>)<br />&nbsp; <br />5. <span style="color: blue;"><b>MAY</b> </span>= <b>perhaps .... but I am not sure</b><br />e.g. <br /><b style="color: blue;">Tom may have gone to the cinema</b>.(perhaps he has gone to the but I am not sure) <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Put the appropriate special finites in the blanks.<br />1. I’m not in a hurry so you _________________________________ finished this work for today.<br />2. Young Timothy is crying again! He _______________________ fallen off his bicycle again. <br />3. I’m sorry. It’s too late. You __________________________________ come earlier.<br />4. We _________________________________ gone to the seaside today but it rained.<br />5. Someone telephoned while you were out.<br />Oh, it ________________________ been Mary. She said she would call me up.<br />6. The man _____________________ caught the 8 o’clock train because it had broken down. Therefore he ____________________________ caught the 8,25 train.<br />7. My bicycle is not there. My brother _____________________ borrowed it but I am not sure.<br />8. Only ten people are coming to the party. You ___________________________ prepared so much food.<br />9. You see, I passed the exam easily, mum, so you ________________________ worried so much.<br />10. This sentence is wrong. You _______________________________ used the Past Perfect.<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write using a Perfect Infinitive.<br /><br />1. The accident was your fault. You didn’t signal that you were going to turn.<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. You were lucky. You didn’t kill anyone.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. I’m sure I didn’t make a mistake. I checked the answer very carefully.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. It was wrong of you not to apologise.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. It was arranged for the Rolling Stones to come to Athens but they canceled the <br />show at the last moment.<br />_________________________________________________ <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write using a Perfect Infinitive.<br /><br />1. We had a wonderful time; you (be) there!<br />_________________________________________________<br />2. He thinks that it is possible that Shakespeare wrote it!<br />_________________________________________________<br />Shakespeare (not write) it because events are mentioned that didn’t occur until <br />after Shakespeare’s time.<br />_________________________________________________<br />3. I found this baby bird at the foot of a tree. It (fall) from a nest.<br />_________________________________________________<br />4. I used to visit her and I always wondered why she had those dreadful pictures on<br />the walls. It is possible that she liked them.<br />_________________________________________________<br />5. During the gale the captain was on the bridge the whole time. He (be) exhausted afterwards.<br />_________________________________________________<br />_________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>9.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">C</span>lauses of Concession</b></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">CLAUSES OF CONCESSION <span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">(Παραχωρητικές προτάσεις)</span></span><br />Λέξεις και φράσεις όπως <br /><b><span style="color: blue;">although </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">even though </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">though&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">in spite of the fact that </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">despite the fact that </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">even if </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">however </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">no matter + (who, where, why, when, which, whose, how)&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">........though....</span></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><span style="color: blue;">&nbsp;</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">..........as.......</span></b><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>while</b></span><br />χρησιμοποιούνται για να δώσουμε μεγαλύτερη έμφαση σε μια&nbsp;αντίθεση.<br /><br />Τα <b>concessive clauses</b>&nbsp;μπορούν να τοποθετηθούν στην αρχή μιας πρότασης ή εσωτερικά (στο μέσον) για να εκφράσουν κάτι το οποίον συμβαίνει κατά παραχώρηση και σε αντίθεση προς αυτό που δηλώνει το ρήμα της πρότασης από την οποία εξαρτάται&nbsp; <span style="color: blue;">πχ.</span> <span style="color: red;">Θα βγω έξω, ακόμη κι αν βρέχει</span>. (Μπαμπινιώτης 2η έκδοση 2002).<br />Αν τοποθετήσουμε&nbsp;την παραχωρητική πρόταση&nbsp;στο τέλος της πρότασης, ο ομιλητής παραδέχεται ότι υπάρχει κάποιο πρόβλημα με το συγκεκριμένο επιχείρημα. <br />πχ.<br /><span style="color: blue;">I tried hard to cut down on bread, though it seemed impossible. </span><br /><b>Περισσότερα γενικά παραδείγματα:</b> <br /><b><span style="color: red;">Αν και</span> <span style="color: blue;">η Μαρία&nbsp;τέλειωσε το&nbsp;λύκειο πολλά χρόνια πριν,&nbsp;θυμάται πολλά πράγματα!</span></b> <br /><b><span style="color: red;">Although</span> <span style="color: blue;">Mary finished school a long time ago, she still remenbers a lot of things!</span></b><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>Αν και</b></span> είμαι νέος, γνωρίζω πάρα πολλά!<br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Despite the fact that</span></b> I am young, I am very knowledgeable!<br /><br />Αντί να πούμε:<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Although</span> it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Even though</span> it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Though</span> it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.</span></b><br /><span style="color: blue;">μπορούμε να πούμε</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>In spite of the fact that</b></span> <b>it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.</b></span><br /><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Despite the fact that</span> it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.</span></b><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Even if</b></span> John is tired, he is always willing to help.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><b>However</b></span> </span>tired John is, he is always willing to help.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><b>No matter</b></span> </span><span style="color: blue;">how</span> tired John is, he is always willing to help.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Tired though</b></span> he is, John is always willing to help.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Tired as</b></span> he is, John is still willing to help.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Other examples</span>: <br /><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: black;">However</span> </b><span style="color: blue;">fast </span>he drives, he won’t get there in time.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>No <span style="color: black;">matter </span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">who</span> he is, I am too busy to see him.</span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><b>No matter</b> </span><span style="color: blue;">when</span> he arrives, I want to see him at once.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write as indicated and then suggest alternatives. <br />1. He may be stupid but he can’t believe the earth is really flat.<br />No matter _________________________________________________________<br />2. He tried hard but he couldn’t undo the knot.<br />However __________________________________________________________<br />3. He is very rich but he can’t afford to buy this villa.<br />_____ as _____________________________ _____________________________<br />4. You can take a taxi but you won’t get to the station on time.<br />Even if ___________________________________________________________<br />5. He was confined to a wheel-chair but managed to climb to the top of Mount Fuji.<br />In spite of the fact that _______________________________________________ <br />6. I don’t care how much it costs. I am going to buy one.<br />No matter _________________________________________________________<br />7. Don’t take any notice of what he says now. He’ll agree in the end.<br />No matter _________________________________________________________<br />8. She may sing beautifully but I don’t think she will win the competition.<br />However __________________________________________________________<br />9. You may fail but you must not give up trying.<br />Even if ___________________________________________________________<br />10. It doesn’t matter where he is hiding. I shall find him.<br />_________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">********** </span></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>10.&nbsp;<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"> I</span>NVERSION</b></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Type 1</b></span><br />Στην Αγγλική υπάρχουν κάποιες αρνητικές λέξεις ή φράσεις οι οποίες αν τοποθετηθούν στην αρχή ή στο εσωτερικό (στη μέση) τότε το ρήμα παίρνει ερωτηματική μορφή. Μερικές από αυτές τις λέξεις / φράσεις είναι:<br /><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">hardly</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">only</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">never</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">rarely </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">seldom</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">on no condition</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">uner no circumstances</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">on no account</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">no sooner .... than</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br />I had <span style="color: red;"><b>no sooner</b></span> got into bed <span style="color: red;"><b>than</b></span> the telephone rang.<br /><span style="color: red;"><b>but </b></span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">No sooner</span></b> had I got into bed <b><span style="color: blue;">than</span></b> the telephone rang. <br /><b><span style="color: black;">You must not be late on any account.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">On no account must you be late.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Rarely have I seen such chaos.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Only then will he realise the truth.</span></b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Type 2</span></b><br />Εδώ, στον δεύτερο τύπο, έχουμε δύο λέξεις, τις εμφατικές <b><span style="color: red;">so&nbsp;</span></b>και <b><span style="color: red;">such</span></b>, οι οποίες επίσης αντιστρέφουν&nbsp;το ρήμα από&nbsp;καταφατική μορφή σε ερωτηματική πχ.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><b><span style="color: red;">So</span></b> surprised <b><span style="color: red;">was he</span></b> <span style="color: blue;">that</span> he couldn’t say a word.<br /><b><span style="color: red;">Such was</span></b> <b><span style="color: red;">the shock</span></b> <span style="color: blue;">that</span> she fainted.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Type&nbsp;3</span></b><br />Στον τρίτο τύπο συναντούμε επιρήματα κατεύθυνσης (adverbs of direction).&nbsp;Μερικά απ'αυτά είναι:&nbsp; <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>in</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>out</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>up </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>down</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>round </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>over </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>back </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>forward </b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>off etc. </b></span><br /><br />αλλά μόνο όταν το υποκείμενο είναι <span style="color: red;">ουσιαστικό</span> και <span style="color: red;">όχι</span> όταν είναι <span style="color: red;">αντωνυμία</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g. </span><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">The tree fell down with a crash.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">Down fell the tree with a crash.</span></b><br /><b><span style="color: blue;">But Down it fell with a crash.</span></b><br /><br /><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> <br />Re-write these sentences with the words in italic at the beginning.<br /><br />1. He rarely made mistakes like that.<br />________________________________________________<br />2. They had hardly set out when they had a flat tyre.<br />________________________________________________<br />3. Their panic was such that many were trampled underfoot in the rush to leave the<br />building.<br />________________________________________________<br />4. Jack realises only now how much Jane loved him. <br />________________________________________________<br />5. This species of butterfly is seldom found in Britain.<br />________________________________________________<br />6. The traffic police had never seen such an unusual accident.<br />________________________________________________<br />7. I will only agree to marry her on one condition.<br />________________________________________________<br />8. Mason would not betray his country under any circumstances.<br />________________________________________________<br />9. The ski-jumper shot up into the air like a giant bird.<br />________________________________________________<br />10. Jill was so happy that she started dancing round the room.<br />________________________________________________<br />11. The Spitfires had no sooner climbed into the air than they spotted the enemy<br />bombers approaching.<br />________________________________________________ <br />12. The cork came out with a loud pop.<br />________________________________________________<br /><br />________________________________________________<br /><span style="color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a><br /><br /><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b>11.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">T</span>he Causative Have</b></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red;"><b>The Causative Use of ‘Have’</b></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>I have something done</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Πρέπει να δώσετε ιδιαίτερη προσοχή σ'αυτήν την κατασκευή. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Λέμε στην Ελληνική:</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">-<b><span style="color: blue;">Έκοψα τα μαλλιά μου την τελευταία εβδομάδα</span></b>.&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">Ερώτηση</span>: <span style="color: blue;">Ποιος τα έκοψε</span>;</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Σχεδόν όλοι οι φυσικοί ομιλητές της ελληνικής υποθέτουν αβίαστα ότι τα μαλλιά κόπηκαν από κάποιον κομμωτή. Είναι δυνατόν όμως να έχουν κοπεί και από τον ίδιο τον ομιλούντα. Στην ουσία δεν μας ενδιαφέρει.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Στην αγγλική τα πράγματα είναι διαφορετικά. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Εάν πούμε, <b><span style="color: blue;">'I cut my hair last week'</span></b> εννοούμε ότι τα κόψαμε <b><span style="color: blue;">μόνοι</span></b> μας.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Εάν πούμε, <b><span style="color: blue;">'I had my hair cut last week'</span></b> εννοούμε ότι κάποιος <span style="color: blue;">άλλος</span> μας τα έκοψε (πιθανόν κομμωτής).<br /></span><span style="background-color: white;">Αυτή η κατασκευή χρησιμοποιείται όταν θέλουμε να δείξουμε ότι μία πράξη δεν εκτελείται από εμάς τους ίδιους αλλά από κάποιον άλλον, δηλαδή εμείς ζητούμε από κάποιον άλλον να κάνει κάτι για εμάς. Τα ρήματα <b><span style="color: blue;">get, order</span></b> ή <b><span style="color: blue;">pay</span></b> είναι χαρακτηριστικά. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;"><b>I repaired my watch myself</b></span>.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">αλλά </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;"><b>I had it repaired (by the watchmaker).</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Όταν μετατρέπουμε προτάσεις αυτού του είδους πρέπει να προσέχουμε στην επιλογή του αντίστοιχου χρόνου του ρήματος <span style="color: blue;"><b>HAVE</b></span> και να διατηρούμε τη σωστή σειρά των λέξεων..</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>HAVE = OBJECT - PERFECT PARTICIPLE OF ACTION VERB</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">e.g. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>I am paying the decorator to re-decorate my house. </b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><b>I am having my house redecorated.</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">Exercise.</span> </span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Re-write using <span style="color: red;">CAUSATIVE HAVE</span> construction.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">1. The gardener is planting some apple trees for me.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">2. My secretary has already typed the contract.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">3. Can’t the workmen build another floor on Mr. Wilk’s house?</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">4. Tell the barber to cut your hair short.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">5. The photographer has not developed my holiday snaps yet.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">6. The hairdresser is going to dye Sarah’s hair blond.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">7. How often does the garage service your car?</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">8. The dentist must take that tooth out if it hurts you so much.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">9. The dry-cleaners cleaned my suit for me last week.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">10. The baker delivers bread to their house for them.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">________________________________________________</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">For more help please contact: 2104223164 / 6937483473</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="mailto:abc-nick@otenet.gr">abc-nick@otenet.gr</a></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br /><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large;">**********</span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">12</span>.&nbsp; <span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">G</span><span style="color: red;">erunds</span></span><br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br /><br /><br />Έχουμε συναντήσει γερούνδια ως:<br /><br />1.<span style="color: blue;"> <b>υποκείμενα</b></span> ενός ρήματος<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><b><span style="color: red;">Skate-boarding</span></b> can be dangerous.<br /><br />2. <span style="color: blue;"><b>αντικείμενα</b></span> ενός ρήματος<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g. </span><br />I enjoy <b><span style="color: red;">water-skiing</span></b>.<br /><br />3. <b><span style="color: blue;">αντικείμενα</span></b> μιας πρόθεσης<br />e.g. <br />He watched television instead <b><span style="color: red;">of</span></b> <span style="color: blue;"><b>doing</b></span> his homework.<br />I am fond <span style="color: blue;"><b>of</b></span> <span style="color: red;"><b>wind-surfing</b></span>.<br /><b>Ακολουθούν μερικά επίθετα και ρήματα με προθέσεις που συντάσσονται με γερούνδιο:</b><br /><br />Keen on <br />Afraid of<br />Capable of<br />Tired of<br />Think of<br />Approve of<br />Be used to Apologise for<br />Congratulate on<br />Succeed in<br />Prevent from<br />Insist on<br />Interested in<br />Be accustomed to Believe in<br />Accuse of<br />Suspect of<br />Object to<br />Persist in<br />Look forward to<br />Dream of<br /><br />4.&nbsp; Επίσης έχουμε δει ρήματα <span style="color: red;">αρέσκειας</span> και <span style="color: red;">απαρέσκειας</span>, <span style="color: red;">αρχής</span> και <span style="color: red;">συνέχειας</span> να ακολουθούνται από <span style="color: blue;"><b>απαρέμφατο</b></span> όταν πρόκειται για <span style="color: red;">ειδική περίπτωση</span> και <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>γερούνδιο</b></span> </span>όταν πρόκειται για <span style="color: red;">γενική κατάσταση</span>.<br /><span style="color: red;">e.g.</span> <br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>I like playing chess but just now I’d prefer to read a book.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>He often begins day-dreaming during his history lesson.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><b>As soon as he fell asleep, he began to dream of pirates.</b></span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><br /><b></b></span><br />5. Επίσης όταν το <span style="color: blue;">υποκείμενο</span> του γερουνδίου είναι <span style="color: blue;">διαφορετικό</span> από το υποκείμενο του <span style="color: blue;">κυρίως</span> ρ�